arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 1902.00481cond-mat.stat-mechmath.PRmath.STphysics.bio-phstat.TH
收藏

单个非布朗轨线的谱容度

Spectral content of a single non-Brownian trajectory

D. Krapf, N. Lukat, E. Marinari, R. Metzler, G. Oshanin, C. Selhuber-Unkel, A. Squarcini, L. Stadler, M. Weiss, X. Xu

摘要:

时间依赖性过程通常使用功率谱密度(PSD)进行分析,通过对单个轨迹进行适当的傅里叶变换并找到相关的整体平均值来计算。通常,可用的实验数据集对于这样的集合平均值来说太小,因此,理解在多大程度上可以从$S(f,T)$(单个轨迹的PSD)获得相关信息具有很大的概念和实际重要性。在这里,我们专注于这个随机的行为,实现依赖的变量,参数化的频率$f$和观测时间$T$,为一个广泛的家庭的异常扩散-分数布朗运动(fBM)与赫斯特指数$H$ --并准确地推导出其概率密度函数。我们表明,$S(f,T)$是成比例的-一个随机的数值因子,其普遍分布,我们确定-整体平均PSD。对于亚扩散($H<1/2$),我们发现$S(f,T)\sim A/f^{2H+1}$与随机振幅$A$。与此形成鲜明对比的是,对于超扩散$(H>1/2)$ $S(f,T)\sim BT^{2H-1}/f^2$与随机幅度$B$。值得注意的是,对于$H>1/2$,PSD表现出与布朗运动相同的频率依赖性,这是一种欺骗性的性质,在解释实验数据时可能导致错误的结论。值得注意的是,对于$H>1/2$,PSD是老化的,并且依赖于$T$。我们的预测子和superdiffusion证实了活细胞和琼脂糖水凝胶中的实验,并通过广泛的模拟。

英文摘要:

Time-dependent processes are often analysed using the power spectral density (PSD), calculated by taking an appropriate Fourier transform of individual trajectories and finding the associated ensemble-average. Frequently, the available experimental data sets are too small for such ensemble averages, and hence it is of a great conceptual and practical importance to understand to which extent relevant information can be gained from $S(f,T)$, the PSD of a single trajectory. Here we focus on the behavior of this random, realization-dependent variable, parametrized by frequency $f$ and observation-time $T$, for a broad family of anomalous diffusions---fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with Hurst-index $H$---and derive exactly its probability density function. We show that $S(f,T)$ is proportional---up to a random numerical factor whose universal distribution we determine---to the ensemble-averaged PSD. For subdiffusion ($H<1/2$) we find that $S(f,T)\sim A/f^{2H+1}$ with random-amplitude $A$. In sharp contrast, for superdiffusion $(H>1/2)$ $S(f,T)\sim BT^{2H-1}/f^2$ with random amplitude $B$. Remarkably, for $H>1/2$ the PSD exhibits the same frequency-dependence as Brownian motion, a deceptive property that may lead to false conclusions when interpreting experimental data. Notably, for $H>1/2$ the PSD is ageing and is dependent on $T$. Our predictions for both sub- and superdiffusion are confirmed by experiments in live cells and in agarose hydrogels, and by extensive simulations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑