arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1809.01618astro-ph.SR
收藏

太阳UV和X射线光谱诊断

Solar UV and X-Ray Spectral Diagnostics

Giulio Del Zanna, Helen E. Mason

摘要:

几十年来,对太阳大气层外的X射线和紫外线(UV)观测一直被用来测量太阳等离子体的基本参数。这篇综述主要集中在太阳大气中的光学薄发射,主要发现在紫外和X射线(XUV)波长,并讨论了一些诊断方法,已被用来测量电子密度,电子温度,差分发射测量(DEM),和相对化学丰度。我们主要关注的方法和结果从高分辨率光谱,而不是宽带成像。然而,我们注意到,最好的结果往往是通过结合成像和光谱观测。我们还主要集中在审查单离子诊断获得的电子密度和温度的测量,以避免与等离子体的电离状态有关的问题。我们首先对主要的XUV高分辨率光谱仪进行了简短的历史介绍,然后回顾了光学薄发射的基础知识以及影响谱线形成的主要过程。我们主要讨论平衡态的等离子体,但简要地提到非平衡态电离和非热电子分布。我们还总结了原子数据的状态,这是诊断过程的重要组成部分。然后,我们审查的方法来测量电子密度,电子温度,DEM,和相对化学丰度,并获得较低的太阳大气(太阳半径的一小部分),冕洞,安静的太阳,活动区和耀斑的结果。

英文摘要:

X-Ray and Ultraviolet (UV) observations of the outer solar atmosphere have been used for many decades to measure the fundamental parameters of the solar plasma. This review focuses on the optically thin emission from the solar atmosphere, mostly found at UV and X-ray (XUV) wavelengths, and discusses some of the diagnostic methods that have been used to measure electron densities, electron temperatures, differential emission measure (DEM), and relative chemical abundances. We mainly focus on methods and results obtained from high-resolution spectroscopy, rather than broad-band imaging. However, we note that the best results are often obtained by combining imaging and spectroscopic observations. We also mainly focus the review on measurements of electron densities and temperatures obtained from single ion diagnostics, to avoid issues related to the ionisation state of the plasma. We start the review with a short historical introduction on the main XUV high-resolution spectrometers, then review the basics of optically thin emission and the main processes that affect the formation of a spectral line. We mainly discuss plasma in equilibrium, but briefly mention non-equilibrium ionisation and non-thermal electron distributions. We also summarise the status of atomic data, which are an essential part of the diagnostic process. We then review the methods used to measure electron densities, electron temperatures, the DEM, and relative chemical abundances, and the results obtained for the lower solar atmosphere (within a fraction of the solar radii), for coronal holes, the quiet Sun, active regions and flares.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑