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arXiv 1906.08896astro-ph.SR
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太阳色球温度诊断:ALMA-H $α$联合分析

Solar Chromospheric Temperature Diagnostics: a joint ALMA-H$α$ analysis

Momchil E. Molnar, Kevin P. Reardon, Yi Chai, Dale Gary, Han Uitenbroek, Gianna Cauzzi, Steven R. Cranmer

摘要:

我们提出了第一个高分辨率,同时观测太阳色球层的光学和毫米波长范围内,获得ALMA和IBIS仪器在邓恩太阳望远镜。在本文中,我们集中在ALMA波段3(3毫米,100 GHz)和H $α$ 656.3 nm线,以前确定为一个可能的诊断色球温度的核心宽度观察到的亮度温度之间的比较。我们发现,在我们的FOV所覆盖的斑,网络和原纤维的区域中,这两种诊断具有很好的相关性,在两者中观察到相似的空间结构。的相关性的强度是显着的,给定的毫米辐射的源函数服从当地的热力学平衡,而H $α$线的源函数,显着偏离当地的普朗克函数。观测到的ALMA亮度温度范围明显小于先前用来解释观测到的H $α$宽度变化的温度范围。我们采用的RH代码的正演模拟分析认为,H $α$宽度和ALMA亮度温度之间的强相关性是由它们的共享依赖于人口数$n_2$的第一激发态氢。这个人口数驱动毫米不透明度通过氢离子化通过巴耳末连续,和H $α$宽度通过曲线的增长一样的不透明度效果。最终,$n_2$群体通过增强或缺乏向下的Ly $α$通量来调节,这将两种诊断的形成高度分别相干地转移到具有不同温度的区域。

英文摘要:

We present the first high-resolution, simultaneous observations of the solar chromosphere in the optical and millimeter wavelength ranges, obtained with ALMA and the IBIS instrument at the Dunn Solar Telescope. In this paper we concentrate on the comparison between the brightness temperature observed in ALMA Band 3 (3 mm; 100 GHz) and the core width of the H$α$ 656.3 nm line, previously identified as a possible diagnostic of the chromospheric temperature. We find that in the area of plage, network and fibrils covered by our FOV the two diagnostics are well correlated, with similar spatial structures observed in both. The strength of the correlation is remarkable, given that the source function of the mm-radiation obeys local thermodynamic equilibrium, while the H$α$ line has a source function that deviates significantly from the local Planck function. The observed range of ALMA brightness temperatures is sensibly smaller than the temperature range that was previously invoked to explain the observed width variations in H$α$. We employ analysis from forward modeling with the RH code to argue that the strong correlation between H$α$ width and ALMA brightness temperature is caused by their shared dependence on the population number $n_2$ of the first excited level of hydrogen. This population number drives millimeter opacity through hydrogen ionization via the Balmer continuum, and H$α$ width through a curve-of-growth-like opacity effect. Ultimately, the $n_2$ population is regulated by the enhancement or lack of downward Ly$α$ flux, which coherently shifts the formation height of both diagnostics to regions with different temperature, respectively.

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