Renewable surplus power is increasing due to the increasing penetration of these intermittent resources. In practice, electric grid operators either curtail the surplus energy resulting from renewable-based generations or utilize energy storage resources to absorb it. In this paper, we propose a framework for utilizing water pumps and tanks in water supply networks to absorb the surplus electrical energy resulting from renewable-based electricity generation resources in the electrical grid. We model water supply networks analytically, and propose a two-step procedure that utilizes the water tanks in the water supply network to harvest the surplus energy from an electrical grid. In each step, the water network operator needs to solve an optimization problem that is non-convex. To compute optimal pump schedules and water flows, we develop a second-order cone relaxation and an approximation technique that enable us to transform the proposed problems into mixed-integer second-order cone programs. We then provide the conditions under which the proposed relaxation is exact, and present an algorithm for constructing an exact solution to the original problem from a solution to the relaxed problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework via numerical simulations.
The paper proposes an optimal management strategy for a Smart Port equipped with renewable generation and composed by an electrified quay, operating Cold-Ironing, and a Hydrogen-based quay, supplying Zero-Emission Ships. One Battery Energy Storage System and one Hydrogen Energy Storage System are used to manage renewable energy sources and to supply electric and hydrogen-fueled ships. A model predictive control based algorithm is designed to define the best economic strategy to be followed during operations. The control algorithm takes into account the uncertainties of renewable energy generat…
Robust Capacity Expansion Modelling for Renewable Energy Systems
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Climate and Energy Research（于利希研究中心气候与能源研究所）；RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Computer Science（亚琛工业大学计算机学院）；University of Siegen, Department of Mechanical Engineering（锡根大学机械工程系）
The paper solves the model of the miniature Power supply based on the piezoelectric cantilever. The aim of the future is to further hybrid integration and use of nanotechnology. Contents of the article belongs to the category of renewable energy sources with environment energy conversion into electrical energy. The work is focused on the use in small temperature differences.
Traditionally, power system's inertia has been estimated according to the rotating masses directly connected to the grid. However, a new generation mix scenario is currently identified, where conventional supply-side is gradually replaced by renewable sources decoupled from the grid by electronic converters (i.e., wind and photovoltaic power plants). Due to the significant penetration of such renewable generation units, the conventional grid inertia is decreasing, subsequently affecting both reliability analysis and grid stability. As a result, concepts such as 'synthetic inertia', 'hidden ine…
The inherent intermittency of renewable sources like wind and solar has resulted in a bundling of renewable generators with storage resources (batteries) for increased reliability. In this paper, we consider the problem of energy sharing between two such bundles, each associated with their own demand profiles. The demand profiles might, for example, correspond to commitments made by the bundle to the grid. With each bundle seeking to minimize its loss of load rate, we explore the possibility that one bundle can supply energy to the other from its battery at times of deficit, in return for a re…
In this report, several control strategies for microgrids with renewable energy resources and battery energy storage systems are proposed. Renewable energy has the potential to reduce global carbon emissions, while higher penetration of renewable energy is hindered by the inherent variability and intermittency of renewable resources. This motivates the development of microgrids supplied by renewable energy resources. With proper control of storage units and communications with the energy market, the non-dispatchable energy can be regulated to reduce the difficulty of power scheduling in the gr…
We hypothesize that the present expansion of energy generation by variable renewable energy (VRE) power plants, such as wind and photovoltaic power plants, leads to a 100% renewable energy supply in 2030 because of its inherent exponential growth function. This behavior is related to the exponential cost reduction of its generated energy and the nearly unconstrained available potential of its natural resources. The cost reduction results from the continuous improvements in development, research, manufacturing, and installation, also showing a growth of its installation power per power plant or…
This paper studies the economics of carbon-neutral synthetic fuel production from renewable electricity in remote areas where high-quality renewable resources are abundant. To this end, a graph-based optimisation modelling framework directly applicable to the strategic planning of remote renewable energy supply chains is proposed. More precisely, a hypergraph abstraction of planning problems is introduced, wherein nodes can be viewed as optimisation subproblems with their own parameters, variables, constraints and local objective. Nodes typically represent a subsystem such as a technology, a p…
Technology companies have been leading the way to a renewable energy transformation, by investing in renewable energy sources to reduce the carbon footprint of their datacenters. In addition to helping build new solar and wind farms, companies make power purchase agreements or purchase carbon offsets, rather than relying on renewable energy every hour of the day, every day of the week (24/7). Relying on renewable energy 24/7 is challenging due to the intermittent nature of wind and solar energy. Inherent variations in solar and wind energy production causes excess or lack of supply at differen…
The concept of smart cities is driven by the need to enhance citizens' quality of life. It is estimated that 70% of the world population will live in urban areas by 2050. The electric grid is the energy backbone of smart city deployments. An electric energy system immune to adverse events, both cyber and physical risks, and able to support the integration of renewable sources will drive a transformational development approach for future smart cities. This article describes how the future electric energy system with 100% electricity supply from renewable energy sources requires the "birth of se…
Japan has committed to carbon neutrality by 2050. Emissions from the electricity sector amount to 42% of the total. Solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind comprise three quarters of global net capacity additions because of low and falling prices. This provides an opportunity for Japan to make large reductions in emissions while also reducing its dependence on energy imports. This study shows that Japan has 14 times more solar and offshore wind resources than needed to supply 100% renewable electricity. A 40 year hourly energy balance model is presented of Japan's electricity system using historical…
In this proposal, a cost-effective energy harvesting and management system have been proposed. The regular power keeps around 200 Watt while the peak power can reach 300 Watt. The cost of this system satisfies the requirements and budget for residents in the rural area and live off-grid. It could be a potential solution to the global energy crisis, particularly the billions of people living in severe energy poverty. Also, it is an important renewable alternative to conventional fossil fuel electricity generation not only the cost of manufacturing is low and high efficiency, but also it is safe…
A modeling framework is presented to investigate trade-offs among decarbonization from increased low-carbon electricity generation and electrification of heating and vehicles. The model is broadly applicable but relies on high-fidelity parameterization of existing infrastructure and anticipated electrified loads; this study applies it to New York State where detailed data is available. Trade-offs are investigated between end use electrification and renewable energy deployment in terms of supply costs, generation and storage capacities, renewable resource mix, and system operation. Results indi…
LoRa networks have been deployed all over the world and are a major enabling wireless technology for the Internet of Things (IoT). Massive connectivity applications such as smart metering, agriculture, and supply chain \& logistics are most suitable for LoRa deployments due to their long range, low cost, and low power features. Meanwhile, energy harvesting technologies that extract energy from ambient sources have enabled the battery-less operation of many small wireless sensors. This paper studies the merger of these two technologies and mathematically models device and network performance us…
In recent years, the electrification of Canadian Remote Communities (RCs) has received significant attention, as their current electric energy systems are not only expensive, but are also highly polluting due to the prevalence of diesel generators. In addition, RCs' inherent geographic characteristics impose a series of challenges that must be considered when planning their electricity supply. Thus, in this paper, an optimization model for the long-term planning of RC Microgrids (MGs) including Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) is proposed, with the objective of…
The advancements in smart power grid and the advocation of ``green communications'' have inspired the wireless communication networks to harness energy from ambient environments and operate in an energy-efficient manner for economic and ecological benefits. This article presents a contemporary review of recent breakthroughs on the utilization, redistribution, trading and planning of energy harvested in future wireless networks interoperating with smart grids. This article starts with classical models of renewable energy harvesting technologies. We embark on constrained operation and optimizati…
Overloaded vehicles are the primary cause of accelerated degradation of road infrastructures. In this context, although weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems are most efficient to enforce weight regulations, current technologies require costly investments limiting their extensive implementation. Recent advances in multifunctional composites enabled cost-efficient alternatives in the form of smart pavements. Nevertheless, the need for a stable power supply still represents a major practical limitation. This work presents a novel proof-of-concept self-sustainable WIM technology combining smart pavements…
Internet of Things (IoT) systems in general consist of a lot of devices with massive connectivity. Those devices are usually constrained with limited energy supply and can only operate at low power and low rate. In this paper, we investigate a cellular-based IoT system combined with energy harvesting and NOMA. We consider all base stations (BS) and IoT devices follow the Poisson Point Process (PPP) distribution in a given area. The unit time slot is divided into two phases, energy harvesting phase in downlink (DL) and data transmission phase in uplink (uplink). That is, IoT devices will first …
A community integrated energy system (CIES) with an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) provides a new way for tackling growing concerns of energy efficiency and environmental pollution, it is a critical task to coordinate flexible demand response and multiple renewable uncertainties. To this end, a novel bi-level optimal dispatching model for the CIES with an EVCS in multi-stakeholder scenarios is established in this paper. In this model, an integrated demand response program is designed to promote a balance between energy supply and demand while maintaining a user comprehensive satisfac…
With the ongoing integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), the complexity of power grids is increasing. Due to the fluctuating nature of RES, ensuring the reliability of power grids can be challenging. One possible approach for addressing these challenges is Demand Response (DR) which is described as matching the demand for electrical energy according to the changes and the availability of supply. However, implementing a DR system to monitor and control a broad set of electrical appliances in real-time introduces several new complications, including ensuring the reliability and financial …
