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arXiv 1808.02746math.LO
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随机性概念与逆向数学

Randomness notions and reverse mathematics

André Nies, Paul Shafer

摘要:

我们调查的强度的随机性概念$\mathcal R$作为一个集的存在原则,在二阶算术:对于每个$Z$有一个$X$是$\mathcal R$ -随机相对于$Z$。我们证明了$2$ -随机性和无限经常$C$ -不可压缩之间的等价性在$\mathsf{RCA}_0$中是可证明的。我们验证了$\mathsf{RCA}_0$证明了随机性概念之间的基本含义:$2$ -随机$\Rightarrow$弱$2$ -随机$\Rightarrow$马丁-洛夫随机$\Rightarrow$可计算随机$\Rightarrow$施诺尔随机。此外,在$\mathsf{RCA}_0$上,可计算随机数的存在性等价于Schnorr随机数的存在性。我们证明了平衡随机数的存在性等价于Martin-Löf随机数的存在性,并且我们描述了一种意义,在这种意义下,这个结果几乎是最优的。

英文摘要:

We investigate the strength of a randomness notion $\mathcal R$ as a set-existence principle in second-order arithmetic: for each $Z$ there is an $X$ that is $\mathcal R$-random relative to $Z$. We show that the equivalence between $2$-randomness and being infinitely often $C$-incompressible is provable in $\mathsf{RCA}_0$. We verify that $\mathsf{RCA}_0$ proves the basic implications among randomness notions: $2$-random $\Rightarrow$ weakly $2$-random $\Rightarrow$ Martin-Löf random $\Rightarrow$ computably random $\Rightarrow$ Schnorr random. Also, over $\mathsf{RCA}_0$ the existence of computable randoms is equivalent to the existence of Schnorr randoms. We show that the existence of balanced randoms is equivalent to the existence of Martin-Löf randoms, and we describe a sense in which this result is nearly optimal.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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