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arXiv 1807.07883cond-mat.stat-mechmath-phmath.MPphysics.bio-ph
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布朗粒子非均匀系综中的有限能量Lévy型运动

Finite-energy Lévy-type motion through heterogeneous ensemble of Brownian particles

Oleksii Yu. Sliusarenko, Silvia Vitali, Vittoria Sposini, Paolo Paradisi, Aleksei Chechkin, Gastone Castellani, Gianni Pagnini

摘要:

复杂系统显示异常扩散,其特征是概率密度函数(PDF)中的空间/时间标度$x\sim t^δ$和$δ\ne 1/2$。异常扩散可以与高斯分布联合出现,例如,分数布朗运动和幂律衰减分布,例如,Lévy Flights(LF)或Lévy Walks(LWs)。LF得到反常标度,但也有无穷大的位置方差,也有无穷大的能量和不连续的速度。LW是基于随机捕获事件,类似于Lévy型幂律分布,在大位移范围内截断,具有有限的力矩,有限的能量和不连续的速度。然而,LFs和LWs都不能描述摩擦扩散过程。我们提出并讨论了一个基于线性朗之万方程的描述布朗粒子非均匀系综(HEBP)的模型。我们发现,适当的弛豫时间和速度扩散率的分布,HEBP显示类似于LWs的功能,特别是幂律衰减PDF,长程相关和异常扩散,同时保持有限的位置矩和有限的能量。研究了HEBP模型和两个LW之间的主要区别,发现即使PDF相似,它们也在三个主要方面有所不同:(i)LW是双标度的,而HEBP是单标度的;(ii)从反常的转变。($δ\ne 1/2$)至正常($δ= 1/2$)长时间扩散;(iii)在HEBP中位置PDF的幂律指数和空间/时间扩散标度是独立的,而它们都依赖于LW中事件间时间PDF的标度。HEBP模型是由摩擦扩散过程导出的,它具有有限的能量,并且满足涨落耗散定理。

英文摘要:

Complex systems display anomalous diffusion, whose signature is a space/time scaling $x\sim t^δ$ with $δ\ne 1/2$ in the Probability Density Function (PDF). Anomalous diffusion can emerge jointly with both Gaussian, e.g., fractional Brownian motion, and power-law decaying distributions, e.g., Lévy Flights (LFs) or Lévy Walks (LWs). LFs get anomalous scaling, but also infinite position variance and also infinite energy and discontinuous velocity. LWs are based on random trapping events, resemble a Lévy-type power-law distribution that is truncated in the large displacement range and have finite moments, finite energy and discontinuous velocity. However, both LFs and LWs cannot describe friction-diffusion processes. We propose and discuss a model describing a Heterogeneous Ensemble of Brownian Particles (HEBP) based on a linear Langevin equation. We show that, for proper distributions of relaxation time and velocity diffusivity, the HEBP displays features similar to LWs, in particular power-law decaying PDF, long-range correlations and anomalous diffusion, at the same time keeping finite position moments and finite energy. The main differences between the HEBP model and two LWs are investigated, finding that, even if the PDFs are similar, they differ in three main aspects: (i) LWs are biscaling, while HEBP is monoscaling; (ii) a transition from anomalous ($δ\ne 1/2$) to normal ($δ= 1/2$) diffusion in the long-time regime; (iii) the power-law index of the position PDF and the space/time diffusion scaling are independent in the HEBP, while they both depend on the scaling of the inter-event time PDF in LWs. The HEBP model is derived from a friction-diffusion process, it has finite energy and it satisfies the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.

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