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arXiv 1807.07653cond-mat.quant-gas
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一维自旋轨道耦合下的三玻色子谱:Efimov广义径向标度律

Three-boson spectrum in the presence of 1D spin-orbit coupling: Efimov's generalized radial scaling law

Q. Guan, D. Blume

摘要:

自旋-轨道耦合冷原子系统的哈密顿量包含薛定谔方程中的二次动能项和狄拉克方程中的线性动能项,它们为实现分数量子霍尔物理、拓扑绝缘体和自旋电子学物理提供了一条新的途径,近年来引起了人们的广泛关注.目前的工作集中在三维玻色子系统的存在下的一维自旋轨道耦合,这是最相关的正在进行的冷原子实验。在没有自旋-轨道耦合项的情况下,三玻色子系统表现出Efimov效应:整个能谱唯一地由$s$波散射长度和单个三体参数决定,即,使用其中一个能级作为输入,可以通过Efimov的径向标度定律获得其他能级,该径向标度定律与离散标度对称性密切相关。结果表明,在一维自旋轨道耦合的存在下,离散标度对称性仍然存在,这意味着广义径向标度律在五维空间中的有效性。讨论了能级与散射长度、自旋轨道耦合参数和质心动量的关系。本文指出,具有其他类型自旋-轨道耦合项的三体系统也受广义径向标度律的支配,只要该系统在没有自旋-轨道耦合的情况下表现出Efimov效应。

英文摘要:

Spin-orbit coupled cold atom systems, governed by Hamiltonians that contain quadratic kinetic energy terms typical for a particle's motion in the usual Schrödinger equation and linear kinetic energy terms typical for a particle's motion in the usual Dirac equation, have attracted a great deal of attention recently since they provide an alternative route for realizing fractional quantum Hall physics, topological insulators, and spintronics physics. The present work focuses on the three-boson system in the presence of 1D spin-orbit coupling, which is most relevant to ongoing cold atom experiments. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling terms, the three-boson system exibits the Efimov effect: the entire energy spectrum is uniquely determined by the $s$-wave scattering length and a single three-body parameter, i.e., using one of the energy levels as input, the other energy levels can be obtained via Efimov's radial scaling law, which is intimately tied to a discrete scaling symmetry. It is demonstrated that the discrete scaling symmetry persists in the presence of 1D spin-orbit coupling, implying the validity of a generalized radial scaling law in five-dimensional space. The dependence of the energy levels on the scattering length, spin-orbit coupling parameters, and center-of-mass momentum is discussed. It is conjectured that three-body systems with other types of spin-orbit coupling terms are also governed by generalized radial scaling laws, provided the system exhibits the Efimov effect in the absence of spin-orbit coupling.

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