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arXiv 1806.08930cond-mat.str-el
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二维哈伯德模型量子临界点的低能有效理论:平均场分析

Low-Energy Effective Theory at a Quantum Critical Point of the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model: Mean-Field Analysis

Kambis Veschgini, Manfred Salmhofer

摘要:

我们用平均场方法对二维哈伯德模型的泛函重整化群(fRG)研究进行了补充。重点放在Van Hove填充和跳跃幅度t '/t=0.341。fRG的数据表明,在这个区域的量子临界点(QCP),并在其附近的一个奇异的费米子自能,Im $Σ(ω)/ω\sim |ω|^{-γ}$与$γ\approx 0.26$。在这里,我们开始一个更详细的调查,这个QCP使用玻色子制定的有效行动,其中玻色子耦合到序参量领域。为此,我们使用[Phys. Rev. B 79,195125(2009)]中开发的费米子有效作用量的通道分解,它允许在任何给定的能量尺度上对所有相关的序参量场进行Hubbard-Stratonovich变换。我们停止在一个规模的序参量场的相关性已经明显,但流仍然是正规的,并推导出有效玻色子理论。它包含d波超导,磁和密度-密度相互作用。我们在平均场近似下分析了由此产生的相图。我们发现,奇异的费米子自能抑制间隙形成的超导和磁通道已经在平均场水平,从而四舍五入一阶过渡(无自能)的量子相变(自能)。我们给出了一个简单有效的模型,显示了这种效果的一般性。在二维哈伯德模型中,有效密度-密度相互作用在非零频率处达到峰值,因此求解平均场方程已经涉及函数方程而不是简单的矩阵方程(在技术层面上,类似于无公度相位)。在一定的近似下,我们表明,这样的相互作用导致一个短的准粒子寿命。

英文摘要:

We complement previous functional renormalization group (fRG) studies of the two-dimensional Hubbard model by mean-field calculations. The focus falls on Van Hove filling and the the hopping amplitude t'/t=0.341. The fRG data suggest a quantum critical point (QCP) in this region and in its vicinity a singular fermionic self-energy, Im $Σ(ω)/ω\sim |ω|^{-γ}$ with $γ\approx 0.26$. Here we start a more detailed investigation of this QCP using a bosonic formulation for the effective action, where the bosons couple to the order parameter fields. To this end, we use the channel decomposition of the fermionic effective action developed in [Phys. Rev. B 79, 195125 (2009)], which allows to perform Hubbard-Stratonovich transformations for all relevant order parameter fields at any given energy scale. We stop the flow at a scale where the correlations of the order parameter field are already pronounced, but the flow is still regular, and derive the effective boson theory. It contains d-wave superconducting, magnetic, and density-density interactions. We analyze the resulting phase diagram in the mean-field approximation. We show that the singular fermionic self-energy suppresses gap formation both in the superconducting and magnetic channel already at the mean-field level, thus rounding a first-order transition (without self-energy) to a quantum phase transition (with self-energy). We give a simple effective model that shows the generality of this effect. In the two-dimensional Hubbard model, the effective density-density interaction is peaked at a nonzero frequency, so that solving the mean-field equations already involves a functional equation instead of simply a matrix equation (on a technical level, similar to incommensurate phases). Within a certain approximation, we show that such an interaction leads to a short quasiparticle lifetime.

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