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arXiv 1806.02404physics.pop-ph
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消除费米粒子

Dissolving the Fermi Paradox

Anders Sandberg, Eric Drexler, Toby Ord

摘要:

费米悖论是一种矛盾,它存在于我们对宇宙中其他地方存在智慧生命的{ \em ex ante}概率的期望与我们实际观察到的显然没有生命的宇宙之间。宇宙应该充满智慧生命的期望与德雷克方程等模型有关,该模型表明,即使智慧生命在给定地点发展的概率很小,但大量可能的地点仍然应该产生大量潜在的可观察文明。我们表明,这种冲突产生于使用德雷克方程,这隐含地假设确定性高度不确定的参数。我们检查这些参数,结合模型的化学和遗传转变的路径上的生命起源,并表明,现存的科学知识对应的不确定性,跨越多个数量级。这就造成了明显的不同。当模型被改写以代表不确定性的现实分布时,我们发现在我们可观测的宇宙中没有其他智慧生命的{ \em ex ante}概率很大,因此当我们没有发现任何迹象时,应该不会感到惊讶。这样做就消除了任何援引推测机制的必要性,通过这种机制,文明将不可避免地无法对宇宙产生可观察到的影响。

英文摘要:

The Fermi paradox is the conflict between an expectation of a high {\em ex ante} probability of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe and the apparently lifeless universe we in fact observe. The expectation that the universe should be teeming with intelligent life is linked to models like the Drake equation, which suggest that even if the probability of intelligent life developing at a given site is small, the sheer multitude of possible sites should nonetheless yield a large number of potentially observable civilizations. We show that this conflict arises from the use of Drake-like equations, which implicitly assume certainty regarding highly uncertain parameters. We examine these parameters, incorporating models of chemical and genetic transitions on paths to the origin of life, and show that extant scientific knowledge corresponds to uncertainties that span multiple orders of magnitude. This makes a stark difference. When the model is recast to represent realistic distributions of uncertainty, we find a substantial {\em ex ante} probability of there being no other intelligent life in our observable universe, and thus that there should be little surprise when we fail to detect any signs of it. This result dissolves the Fermi paradox, and in doing so removes any need to invoke speculative mechanisms by which civilizations would inevitably fail to have observable effects upon the universe.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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