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arXiv 1805.12293gr-qcastro-ph.CO
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量子真空的涨落能解决宇宙学常数问题吗?

Can the fluctuations of the quantum vacuum solve the cosmological constant problem?

Samuel S. Cree, Tamara M. Davis, Timothy C. Ralph, Qingdi Wang, Zhen Zhu, William G. Unruh

摘要:

宇宙学常数问题的出现是因为量子力学预言的真空能量密度比宇宙学观测到的加速宇宙膨胀的值大120个数量级。最近,一些当前的作者提出,量子真空的随机性质可以解决这种张力[Q,Wang,Z。Zhu和W. G. Unruh,物理学修订版D 95,103504,2017]。通过认真对待真空中的涨落,并允许涨落达到量子场论被认为会崩溃的某个高能截止点,参数共振效应就会出现,导致缓慢的膨胀和加速。在这项工作中,我们通过调查由此产生的动态,彻底检查了这一建议的含义。首先,我们改进了原工作中的数值计算,并表明收敛问题掩盖了一些重要的影响。正确的计算颠倒了[Q. Wang, Z. Zhu和W. G. Unruh,Phys. Rev. D 95,103504,2017],然而,参数共振可以解释非常缓慢的加速膨胀的前提似乎仍然合理。在提高数值实验的分辨率和效率后,我们探索了更宽的截止能量范围,并考察了多个粒子场的影响。我们引入了一个简单的Mathieu方程模型(一个典型的参数共振例子),发现在其假设有效的情况下,它与数值结果非常接近。利用这个模型,我们推断出,在一个有28个玻色子场和一个比普朗克能量高40倍的高能截止点的宇宙中,加速度将与观测到的相当。

英文摘要:

The cosmological constant problem arises because the magnitude of vacuum energy density predicted by quantum mechanics is about 120 orders of magnitude larger than the value implied by cosmological observations of accelerating cosmic expansion. Recently, some of the current authors proposed that the stochastic nature of the quantum vacuum can resolve this tension [Q, Wang, Z. Zhu, and W. G. Unruh, Phys. Rev. D 95, 103504, 2017]. By treating the fluctuations in the vacuum seriously and allowing fluctuations up to some high-energy cutoff at which Quantum Field Theory is believed to break down, a parametric resonance effect arises that leads to a slow expansion and acceleration. In this work, we thoroughly examine the implications of this proposal by investigating the resulting dynamics. First, we improve upon numerical calculations in the original work and show that convergence issues had overshadowed some important effects. Correct calculations reverse some of the conclusions in [Q. Wang, Z. Zhu, and W. G. Unruh, Phys. Rev. D 95, 103504, 2017], however the premise that parametric resonance can explain a very slowly accelerating expansion appears to remain sound. After improving the resolution and efficiency of the numerical tests, we explore a wider range of cutoff energies, and examine the effects of multiple particle fields. We introduce a simple model using the Mathieu equation (a prototypical example of parametric resonance), and find that it closely matches numerical results in regimes where its assumptions are valid. Using this model, we extrapolate to find that in a universe with 28 bosonic fields and a high-energy cutoff 40 times higher than the Planck energy, the acceleration would be comparable to what is observed.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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