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arXiv 1803.00575astro-ph.EP
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原行星盘形成期间的星子形成

Planetesimal formation during protoplanetary disk buildup

Joanna Drazkowska, Cornelis P. Dullemond

摘要:

尘埃凝聚和随后的星子形成模型通常是在已经完全形成的原行星盘模型的背景下计算的。与此同时,观测研究表明,星子的形成应该很早就开始了,甚至可能在原行星盘完全形成之前。在这篇论文中,我们研究了在行星盘形成阶段,气体和尘埃从其母体分子云落到行星盘上的微行星是在什么条件下形成的。我们耦合我们早期的星子形成模型在水雪线的磁盘形成和演化的一个简单的模型。我们发现,在大多数情况下,星子只形成后的积累阶段,当磁盘变得不那么大,不那么热。然而,有一些参数是在盘的形成过程中已经形成的。当驱动盘演化的粘度为中间值($α_v \sim 10^{-3}-10^{-2}$),而尘埃的湍流混合与($α_t \le 0.03 \cdot α_v$)相比减少时,并且假设水蒸气与气体垂直良好混合时,会发生这种情况。这种$α_t \ll α_v$的情况可以预期分层吸积,其中气体流动主要是由活跃的表面层驱动,而大多数尘埃所在的中面层是静止的。

英文摘要:

Models of dust coagulation and subsequent planetesimal formation are usually computed on the backdrop of an already fully formed protoplanetary disk model. At the same time, observational studies suggest that planetesimal formation should start early, possibly even before the protoplanetary disk is fully formed. In this paper, we investigate under which conditions planetesimals already form during the disk buildup stage, in which gas and dust fall onto the disk from its parent molecular cloud. We couple our earlier planetesimal formation model at the water snow line to a simple model of disk formation and evolution. We find that under most conditions planetesimals only form after the buildup stage when the disk becomes less massive and less hot. However, there are parameters for which planetesimals already form during the disk buildup. This occurs when the viscosity driving the disk evolution is intermediate ($α_v \sim 10^{-3}-10^{-2}$) while the turbulent mixing of the dust is reduced compared to that ($α_t \le 0.03 \cdot α_v$), and with the assumption that water vapor is vertically well-mixed with the gas. Such $α_t \ll α_v$ scenario could be expected for layered accretion, where the gas flow is mostly driven by the active surface layers, while the midplane layers, where most of the dust resides, are quiescent.

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