In this paper we solve a long standing problem about the multivariable Rubio de Francia extrapolation theorem for the multilinear Muckenhoupt classes $A_{\vec{p}}$, which were extensively studied by Lerner et al. and which are the natural ones for the class of multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators. Furthermore, we go beyond the classes $A_{\vec{p}}$ and extrapolate within the classes $A_{\vec{p},\vec{r}}$ which appear naturally associated to the weighted norm inequalities for multilinear sparse forms which control fundamental operators such as the bilinear Hilbert transform. We give several applications which can be easily obtained using extrapolation. First, for the bilinear Hilbert transform one can extrapolate from the recent result of Culiuc et al. who considered the Banach range and extend the estimates to the quasi-Banach range. As a direct consequence, we obtain weighted vector-valued inequalities reproving some of the results by Benea and Muscalu. We also extend recent results of Carando et al. on Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund estimates for multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators. Finally, our last application gives new weighted estimates for the commutators of multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators and for the bilinear Hilbert transform with BMO functions using ideas from Bényi et al.
In this paper we present the results announced in the recent work by the first, second, and fourth authors of the current paper concerning Rubio de Francia extrapolation for the so-called multilinear Muckenhoupt classes. Here we consider the situations where some of the exponents of the Lebesgue spaces appearing in the hypotheses and/or in the conclusion can be possibly infinity. The scheme we follow is similar, but, in doing so, we need to develop a one-variable end-point off-diagonal extrapolation result. This complements the corresponding ``finite'' case obtained by Duoandikoetxea, which wa…
In this note we prove a multilinear version of the reverse Hölder inequality in the theory of Muckenhoupt $A_p$ weights. We give two applications of this inequality to the study of multilinear weighted norm inequalities. First, we prove a structure theorem for multilinear $A_{\vec{p}}$ weights; second, we give a new sufficient condition for multilinear, two-weight norm inequalities for the maximal operator.
In this paper, we study properties of the bilinear multiplier space. We give a necessary condition for a continuous integrable function to be a bilinear multiplier on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. And we prove the localization theorem of multipliers on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. Moreover, we present a Mihlin-Hörmander type theorem for multilinear Fourier multipliers on weighted variable Lebesgue spaces and give some applications.
In this paper, the behavior for commutators of a class of bilinear singular integral operator associated with non-smooth kernels on the products of weighted Lebesgue spaces is considered. By some new maximal functions to control the commutators of bilinear singular integral operators and CMO functions, compactness of the commutators is proved.
We prove a limited range, off-diagonal extrapolation theorem that generalizes a number of results in the theory of Rubio de Francia extrapolation, and use this to prove a limited range, multilinear extrapolation theorem. We give two applications of this result to the bilinear Hilbert transform. First, we give sufficient conditions on a pair of weights $w_1,\,w_2$ for the bilinear Hilbert transform to satisfy weighted norm inequalities of the form \[ BH : L^{p_1}(w_1^{p_1}) \times L^{p_2}(w_2^{p_2}) \longrightarrow L^p(w^p), \] where $w=w_1w_2$ and $\frac{1}{p}=\frac{1}{p_1}+\frac{1}{p_2}<\frac…
We prove a boundedness criterion for a class of dyadic multilinear forms acting on two-dimensional functions. Their structure is more general than the one of classical multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators as several functions can now depend on the same one-dimensional variable. The study of this class is motivated by examples related to the two-dimensional bilinear Hilbert transform and to bilinear ergodic averages. This paper is a sequel to the prior paper arXiv:1108.0917 by the first author.
We show that the α-fractional Bilinear Indicator/Cube Testing Constant arising in arXiv:1906.05602 is controlled by the classical fractional Muckenhoupt constant, provided the product measure σ x ω is diagonally reverse doubling (in particular if it is reverse doubling) with exponent exceeding 2(n-α). Moreover, this control is sharp within the class of diagonally reverse doubling product measures. When combined with the main results in arXiv:1906.05602, 1907.07571 and 1907.10734, the above control of BICT_{T^{α}} for α>0 yields a two weight T1 theorem for doubling weights with appropriate diag…
We establish a uniform domination of the family of trilinear multiplier forms with singularity over a one-dimensional subspace by positive sparse forms involving $L^p$-averages. This class includes the adjoint forms to the bilinear Hilbert transforms. Our result strengthens the $L^p$-boundedness proved in \cite{MTT} and entails as a corollary a rich multilinear weighted theory. In particular, we obtain $L^{q_1}(v_1) \times L^{q_2}(v_2)$-boundedness of the bilinear Hilbert transform when the weights $v_j$ belong to the class $A_{\frac{q+1}{2}}\cap RH_2$. Our proof relies on a stopping time cons…
In this work we extend Lacey's domination theorem to prove the pointwise control of bilinear Calderón--Zygmund operators with Dini--continuous kernel by sparse operators. The precise bounds are carefully tracked following the spirit in a recent work of Hytönen, Roncal and Tapiola. We also derive new mixed weighted estimates for a general class of bilinear dyadic positive operators using multiple $A_{\infty}$ constants inspired in the Fujii-Wilson and Hrusčěv classical constants. These estimates have many new applications including mixed bounds for multilinear Calderón--Zygmund operators and th…
We derive sparse bounds for the bilinear spherical maximal function in any dimension $d\geq 1$. When $d\geq 2$, this immediately recovers the sharp $L^p\times L^q\to L^r$ bound of the operator and implies quantitative weighted norm inequalities with respect to bilinear Muckenhoupt weights, which seems to be the first of their kind for the operator. The key innovation is a group of newly developed continuity $L^p$ improving estimates for the single scale bilinear spherical averaging operator.
The multilinear pseudo-differential operators with symbols in the multilinear Hörmander class $S_{0,0}$ are considered. A complete identification of the cases where those operators define bounded operators between local Hardy spaces is given. Some results for the boundedness between Wiener amalgam spaces are also given. These are extensions and improvements of the results known in the bilinear case.
Let $n\ge 1$ and $\mathfrak{T}_{m}$ be the bilinear square Fourier multiplier operator associated with a symbol $m$, which is defined by $$ \mathfrak{T}_{m}(f_1,f_2)(x) = \biggl( \int_{0}^\infty\Big|\int_{(\mathbb{R}^n)^2} e^{2πix\cdot (ξ_1 +ξ_2) }m(tξ_1,tξ_2) \hat{f}_{1}(ξ_1)\hat{f}_{2}(ξ_2)dξ_1 dξ_2\Big|^2\frac{dt}{t } \biggr)^{\frac 12}. $$ Let $s$ be an integer with $s\in[n+1,2n]$ and $p_0$ be a number satisfying $2n/s\le p_0\le 2$. Suppose that $ν_{\vecω}=\prod_{i=1}^2ω_i^{p/ p_i}$ and each $ω_i$ is a nonnegative function on $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this paper, we show that $\mathfrak{T}_{m}$ i…
We consider two types of multilinear pseudodifferential operators. First, we prove the boundedness of multilinear pseudodifferential operators with symbols which are only measurable in the spatial variables in weighted Lebesgue spaces. These results generalise earlier work of the present authors concerning linear pseudo-pseudodifferential operators. Secondly, we investigate the boundedness of bilinear pseudodifferential operators with symbols in the Hörmander $S^{m}_{ρ, δ}$ classes. These results are new in the case $ρ< 1$, that is, outwith the scope of multilinear Calderón-Zygmund theory.
We prove weighted estimates for rough bilinear singular integral operators with kernel $$K(y_1, y_2) = \frac{Ω((y_1,y_2)/|(y_1,y_2)|)}{|(y_1, y_2)|^{2d}},$$ where $y_i \in \mathbb{R}^{d}$ and $Ω\in L^{\infty}(S^{2d-1})$ with $\int_{S^{2d-1}}Ωdσ= 0.$ The argument is by sparse domination of rough bilinear operators, via an abstract theorem that is a multilinear generalization of recent work by Conde-Alonso, Culiuc, Di Plinio and Ou. We also use recent results due to Grafakos, He, and Honz\'ık for the application to rough bilinear operators. In particular, since the weighted estimates are proved …
In this paper we present (quasi-)norm equivalence on a vector-valued function space $L^p_A(l^q)$ and extend the equivalence to $p=\infty$ and $0<q<\infty$ in the scale of Triebel-Lizorkin space, motivated by Fraizer-Jawerth. By applying the results, we improve the multilinear Hormander's multiplier theorem of Tomita, that of Grafakos-Si, and the boundedness results for bilinear pseudo-differential operators, given by Koezuka-Tomita.
We prove an elementary multilinear identity for the Fourier extension operator on $\mathbb{R}^n$, generalising to higher dimensions the classical bilinear extension identity in the plane. In the particular case of the extension operator associated with the paraboloid, this provides a higher dimensional extension of a well-known identity of Ozawa and Tsutsumi for solutions to the free time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We conclude with a similar treatment of more general oscillatory integral operators whose phase functions collectively satisfy a natural multilinear transversality condition. T…
We extend to multilinear Hankel operators the fact that some truncations of bounded Hankel operators are bounded. We prove and use a continuity property of bilinear Hilbert transforms on products of Lipschitz spaces and Hardy spaces.
We consider the multilinear pseudo-differential operators with symbols in a generalized $S_{0,0}$-type class and prove the boundedness of the operators from $(L^2,\ell^{q_1}) \times \dots \times (L^2,\ell^{q_N})$ to $(L^2,\ell^{r})$, where $(L^2, \ell^{q})$ denotes the $L^2$-based amalgam space. This extends the previous result by the same authors, which treated the bilinear pseudo-differential operators and gave the $L^2 \times L^2 $ to $(L^2, \ell^{1})$ boundedness.
Let $T$ be a multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operator of type $ω$ with $ω(t)$ being nondecreasing and satisfying a kind of Dini's type condition. Let $T_{Π\vec{b}}$ be the iterated commutators of $T$ with $BMO$ functions. The weighted strong and weak $L(\log{L})$-type endpoint estimates for $T_{Π\vec{b}}$ with multiple weights are established. Some boundedness properties on weighted variable exponent Lebesgue spaces are also obtained. As applications, multiple weighted estimates for iterated commutators of paraproducts and bilinear pseudo-differential operators with mild regularity are given.
We extend to multilinear Hankel operators the fact that truncation of bounded Hankel operators is bounded. We prove and use a continuity property of a kind of bilinear Hilbert transforms on product of Lipschitz spaces and Hardy spaces.
We obtain mixed $A_p$--$A_\infty$ estimates for a large family of multilinear maximal and sparse operators. Operators from this family are known to control for instance multilinear Calderón--Zygmund operators, square functions, fractional integrals, and the bilinear Hilbert transform. Our results feature a new multilinear version of the Fujii--Wilson $A_\infty$ characteristic that allows us to recover the best known estimates in terms of the $A_p$ characteristic for dependent weights as a special case of the mixed characteristic estimates for general tuples of weights.
The restriction problem is better understood for hypersurfaces and recent progresses have been made by bilinear and multilinear approaches and most recently polynomial partitioning method which is combined with those estimates. However, for surfaces with codimension bigger than 1, bilinear and multilinear generalization of restriction estimates are more involved and effectiveness of these multilinear estimates is not so well understood yet. Regarding the restriction problem for the surfaces with codimensions bigger than 1, the current state of the art is still at the level of $TT^*$ method whi…
The purpose of this article is to provide an alternative proof of the weak-type $\left(1,\ldots,1;\frac{1}{m}\right)$ estimate for $m$-multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators on $\mathbb{R}^n$ first proved by Grafakos and Torres. Subsequent proofs in the bilinear setting have been given by Maldonado and Naibo and also by Pérez and Torres. The proof given here is motivated by the proof of the weak-type $(1,1)$ estimate for Calderón-Zygmund operators in the nonhomogeneous setting by Nazarov, Treil, and Volberg.
We prove pointwise variational Lp bounds for a bilinear Fourier integral operator in a large but not necessarily sharp range of exponents. This result is a joint strengthening of the corresponding bounds for the classical Carleson operator, the bilinear Hilbert transform, the variation norm Carleson operator, and the bi-Carleson operator. Terry Lyon's rough path theory allows for extension of our result to multilinear estimates. We consider our result a proof of concept for a wider array of similar estimates with possible applications to ordinary differential equations.
The reappearance of a sometimes called exotic behavior for linear and multilinear pseudodifferential operators is investigated. The phenomenon is shown to be present in a recently introduced class of bilinear pseudodifferential operators which can be seen as more general variable coefficient counterparts of the bilinear Hilbert transform and other singular bilinear multipliers operators. The unboundedness on product of Lebesgue spaces but the boundedness on spaces of smooth functions (which is the exotic behavior referred to) of such operators is obtained. In addition, by introducing a new way…
We prove that the class of trilinear multiplier forms with singularity over a one dimensional subspace, including the bilinear Hilbert transform, admit bounded $L^p$-extension to triples of intermediate $\mathrm{UMD}$ spaces. No other assumption, for instance of Rademacher maximal function type, is made on the triple of $\mathrm{UMD}$ spaces. Among the novelties in our analysis is an extension of the phase-space projection technique to the $\mathrm{UMD}$-valued setting. This is then employed to obtain appropriate single tree estimates by appealing to the $\mathrm{UMD}$-valued bound for bilinea…
In this paper, we obtain the weighted boundedness for the local multi(sub)linear Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators and local multilinear fractional integral operators associated with the local Muckenhoupt weights on Gaussian measure spaces. We deal with these problems by introducing a new pointwise equivalent "radial" definitions of these local operators. Moreover using a similar approach, we also get the weighted boundedness for the local fractional maximal operators with rough kernel and local fractional integral operators with rough kernel on Gaussian measure spaces.
We define a discrete version of the bilinear spherical maximal function, and show bilinear $l^{p}(\mathbb{Z}^d)\times l^{q}(\mathbb{Z}^d) \to l^{r}(\mathbb{Z}^d)$ bounds for $d \geq 3$, $\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} \geq \frac{1}{r}$, $r>\frac{d}{d-2}$ and $p,q\geq 1$. Due to interpolation, the key estimate is an $l^{p}(\mathbb{Z}^d)\times l^{\infty}(\mathbb{Z}^d) \to l^{p}(\mathbb{Z}^d)$ bound, which holds when $d \geq 3$, $p>\frac{d}{d-2}$. A key feature of our argument is the use of the circle method which allows us to decouple the dimension from the number of functions compared to the work of…
Let $m(ξ,η)$ be a measurable locally bounded function defined in $\mathbb R^2$. Let $1\leq p_1,q_1,p_2,q_2<\infty $ such that $p_i=1$ implies $q_i=\infty $. Let also $0<p_3,q_3<\infty $ and $1/p=1/p_1+1/p_2-1/p_3$. We prove the following transference result: the operator $$ {\mathcal C}_m(f,g)(x)=\int_{\bbbr} \int_{\bbbr} \hat f(ξ) \hat g(η) m(ξ,η) e^{2πi x(ξ+η)}dξdη$$ initially defined for integrable functions with compact Fourier support, extends to a bounded bilinear operator from $L^{p_1,q_1}(\bbbr)\times L^{p_2,q_2}(\bbbr)$ into $L^{p_3,q_3}(\bbbr)$ if and only if the family of operators …
In this paper, we investigated the boundedness of multilinear fractional strong maximal operator $\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{R},α}$ associated with rectangles or related to more general basis with multiple weights $A_{(\vec{p},q),\mathcal{R}}$. In the rectangles setting, we first gave an end-point estimate of $\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{R},α}$, which not only extended the famous linear result of Jessen, Marcinkiewicz and Zygmund, but also extended the multilinear result of Grafakos, Liu, Pérez and Torres ($α=0$) to the case $0<α<mn.$ Then, in one weight case, we gave several equivalent characterizations…
Consider the discrete quadratic phase Hilbert Transform acting on $\ell^{2}$ finitely supported functions $$ H^α f(n) : = \sum_{m \neq 0} \frac{e^{2 πiαm^2} f(n - m)}{m}. $$ We prove that, uniformly in $α\in \mathbb{T}$, there is a sparse bound for the bilinear form $\langle H^α f , g \rangle$. The sparse bound implies several mapping properties such as weighted inequalities in an intersection of Muckenhoupt and reverse Hölder classes.
In a previous paper, we obtained several "compact versions" of Rubio de Francia's weighted extrapolation theorem, which allowed us to extrapolate the compactness of linear operators from just one space to the full range of weighted Lebesgue spaces, where these operators are bounded. In this paper, we study the extrapolation of compactness for bilinear operators in terms of bilinear Muckenhoupt weights. As applications, we easily recover and improve earlier results on the weighted compactness of commutators of bilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators, bilinear fractional integrals and bilinear Fouri…
We complete our theory of weighted $L^p(w_1) \times L^q(w_2) \to L^r(w_1^{r/p} w_2^{r/q})$ estimates for bilinear bi-parameter Calderón--Zygmund operators under the assumption that $w_1 \in A_p$ and $w_2 \in A_q$ are bi-parameter weights. This is done by lifting a previous restriction on the class of singular integrals by extending a classical result of Muckenhoupt and Wheeden regarding weighted BMO spaces to the product BMO setting. We use this extension of the Muckenhoupt-Wheeden result also to generalise some two-weight commutator estimates from bi-parameter to multi-parameter. This gives a…
A multivariable version of the strong maximal function is introduced and a sharp distributional estimate for this operator in the spirit of the Jessen, Marcinkiewicz, and Zygmund theorem is obtained. Conditions that characterize the boundedness of this multivariable operator on products of weighted Lebesgue spaces equipped with multiple weights are obtained. Results for other multi(sub)linear maximal functions associated with bases of open sets are studied too. Certain bilinear interpolation results between distributional estimates, such as that obtained for the multivariable strong maximal fu…
We develop a general theory of multilinear singular integrals with operator-valued kernels, acting on tuples of UMD Banach spaces. This, in particular, involves investigating multilinear variants of the $\mathcal R$-boundedness condition naturally arising in operator-valued theory. We proceed by establishing a suitable representation of multilinear, operator-valued singular integrals in terms of operator-valued dyadic shifts and paraproducts, and studying the boundedness of these model operators via dyadic-probabilistic Banach space-valued analysis. In the bilinear case, we obtain a $T(1)$-typ…
We prove a sparse bound for the $m$-sublinear form associated to vector-valued maximal functions of Fefferman-Stein type. As a consequence, we show that the sparse bounds of multisublinear operators are preserved via $\ell^r$-valued extension. This observation is in turn used to deduce vector-valued, multilinear weighted norm inequalities for multisublinear operators obeying sparse bounds, which are out of reach for the extrapolation theory recently developed by Cruz-Uribe and Martell. As an example, vector-valued multilinear weighted inequalities for bilinear Hilbert transforms are deduced fr…
We find the sharp range for boundedness of the discrete bilinear spherical maximal function for dimensions $d \geq 5$. That is, we show that this operator is bounded on $l^{p}(\mathbb{Z}^d)\times l^{q}(\mathbb{Z}^d) \to l^{r}(\mathbb{Z}^d)$ for $\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} \geq \frac{1}{r}$ and $r>\frac{d}{2d-2}$ and we show this range is sharp. Our approach mirrors that used by Jeong and Lee in the continuous setting. For dimensions $d=3,4$, our previous work, which used different techniques, still gives the best known bounds. We also prove analogous results for higher degree $k$, $\ell$-linear…
We develop a special multilinear complex interpolation theorem that allows us to prove an optimal version of the bilinear Hörmander multiplier theorem concerning symbols that lie in the Sobolev space $L^r_s(\mathbb R^{2n})$, $2\le r<\infty$, $rs>2n$, uniformly over all annuli. More precisely, given a smoothness index $s$, we find the largest open set of indices $(1/p_1,1/p_2 )$ for which we have boundedness for the associated bilinear multiplier operator from $L^{p_1}(\mathbb R^{ n})\times L^{p_2} (\mathbb R^{ n})$ to $ L^p(\mathbb R^{ n})$ when $1/p=1/p_1+1/p_2$, $1<p_1,p_2<\infty$.
We develop a general framework for the analysis of operator-valued multilinear multipliers acting on Banach-valued functions. Our main result is a Coifman-Meyer type theorem for operator-valued multilinear multipliers acting on suitable tuples of UMD spaces. A concrete case of our theorem is a multilinear generalization of Weis' operator-valued Hörmander-Mihlin linear multiplier theorem. Furthermore, we derive from our main result a wide range of mixed $L^p$-norm estimates for multi-parameter multilinear paraproducts, leading to a novel mixed norm version of the partial fractional Leibniz rule…
Uniqueness in the Calderón problem in dimension bigger than two was usually studied under the assumption that conductivity has bounded gradient. For conductivities with unbounded gradients uniqueness results have not been known until recent years. The latest result due to Haberman basically relies on the optimal $L^2$ restriction estimate for hypersurface which is known as the Tomas-Stein restriction theorem. In the course of developments of the Fourier restriction problem bilinear and multilinear generalizations of the (adjoint) restriction estimates under suitable transversality condition be…
Let $T$ be an arbitrary operator bounded from $L^{p_0}(w)$ into $L^{p_0, \infty}(w)$ for every weight $w$ in the Muckenhoupt class $A_{p_0}$. It is proved in this article that the distribution function of $Tf$ with respect to any weight $u$ can be essentially majorized by the distribution function of $Mf$ with respect to $u$ (plus an integral term easy to control). As a consequence, well-known extrapolation results, including results in a multilinear setting, can be obtained with very simple proofs. New applications in extrapolation for two-weight problems and estimates on rearrangement invari…
For $ 1\le k <n$, we prove that for functions $F,G$ on $ {\Bbb R}^{n}$, any $k$-dimensional affine subspace $H \subset {\Bbb R}^{n}$, and $p,q,r \ge 2$ with $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}+\frac{1}{r}=1$, one has the estimate $$ {||(F*G)|_H||}_{L^{r}(H)} \leq {||F||}_{Λ^H_{2, p}({\Bbb R}^{n})} \cdot {||G||}_{Λ^H_{2, q}({\Bbb R}^{n})},$$ where the mixed norms on the right are defined by $$ {||F||}_{Λ^H_{2,p}({\Bbb R}^{n})}={(\int_{H^*} {(\int {|\hat{F}|}^2 dH_ξ^{\perp})}^{\frac{p}{2}} dξ)}^{\frac{1}{p}},$$ with $dH_ξ^{\perp}$ the $(n-k)$-dimensional Lebesgue measure on the affine subspace $H_ξ^{\perp}…
