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arXiv 1802.01338cs.DS
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基于行列式的最短$k$ -不相交路

Shortest $k$-Disjoint Paths via Determinants

Samir Datta, Siddharth Iyer, Raghav Kulkarni, Anish Mukherjee

摘要:

众所周知的$k$ -不相交路径问题($k$-DPP)要求在给定图中的$k$指定的顶点对$(s_i, t_i)$之间的成对顶点不相交路径,如果它们存在的话。最短$k$ -DPP的决策版本要求最短(就总长度而言)路径的长度。类似地,搜索和计数版本分别要求一个这样的最短路径集和这样的最短路径集的数量。我们将注意力限制在无向平面图上的最短$k$ -DPP实例上,其中所有源和汇都位于单个面上或一对面上。我们提供了有效的顺序和并行算法的搜索版本的问题回答的主要开放问题之一,由科林·德维迪尔和Schrijver提出的一般的一张脸的问题。我们通过提供随机$NC^2$算法以及$O(n^ω)$时间随机顺序算法来实现。我们还获得了确定性算法与类似的资源范围的计数和搜索版本。与此相反,以前,只有顺序的复杂性的决定和搜索版本的“良序”的情况下进行了研究。对于单面的情况,我们的例程的顺序版本对于恒定的许多终端具有更好的运行时间。此外,早期最著名的顺序算法(例如Borradaile等人)是随机的而我们的也是确定的该算法基于给定图中不相交路径的最短$k$ -元组与相关有向图中的圈覆盖之间的双射。这使我们能够非平凡地修改有关计数周期覆盖行列式的既定技术。我们还需要做一个受控的包含-排除,以产生行列式的多项式和,使得所有“坏”的循环覆盖在和中抵消,从而允许我们计算“好”的循环覆盖。

英文摘要:

The well-known $k$-disjoint path problem ($k$-DPP) asks for pairwise vertex-disjoint paths between $k$ specified pairs of vertices $(s_i, t_i)$ in a given graph, if they exist. The decision version of the shortest $k$-DPP asks for the length of the shortest (in terms of total length) such paths. Similarly the search and counting versions ask for one such and the number of such shortest set of paths, respectively. We restrict attention to the shortest $k$-DPP instances on undirected planar graphs where all sources and sinks lie on a single face or on a pair of faces. We provide efficient sequential and parallel algorithms for the search versions of the problem answering one of the main open questions raised by Colin de Verdiere and Schrijver for the general one-face problem. We do so by providing a randomised $NC^2$ algorithm along with an $O(n^ω)$ time randomised sequential algorithm. We also obtain deterministic algorithms with similar resource bounds for the counting and search versions. In contrast, previously, only the sequential complexity of decision and search versions of the "well-ordered" case has been studied. For the one-face case, sequential versions of our routines have better running times for constantly many terminals. In addition, the earlier best known sequential algorithms (e.g. Borradaile et al.) were randomised while ours are also deterministic. The algorithms are based on a bijection between a shortest $k$-tuple of disjoint paths in the given graph and cycle covers in a related digraph. This allows us to non-trivially modify established techniques relating counting cycle covers to the determinant. We further need to do a controlled inclusion-exclusion to produce a polynomial sum of determinants such that all "bad" cycle covers cancel out in the sum allowing us to count "good" cycle covers.

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