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arXiv 1802.00100astro-ph.HEhep-ex
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用费米大面阵望远镜寻找局域原初黑洞的Gamma-Ray辐射

Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from Local Primordial Black Holes with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

LAT Collaboration

摘要:

质量低于约$10^{15}$ g的黑洞预计会发射能量超过几十MeV的伽马射线,这可以被费米大面积望远镜(LAT)探测到。虽然这些质量的黑洞不可能是恒星演化的结果,但它们可能在早期宇宙中形成,因此被称为原始黑洞(PBH)。以前对PBH的研究主要集中在短时间尺度的爆发或PBH对各向同性伽马射线发射的贡献上。我们表明,在个别PBH的情况下,费米LAT是最敏感的PBH的温度高于约16 GeV和质量$6\times 10^{11}$ g,它可以检测出约0.03 pc的距离。这些PBH在费米任务开始时还有几个月到几年的剩余寿命。它们会表现为潜在的移动点源,随着时间的推移,伽马射线的发射会变得更加坚硬和明亮,直到PBH完全蒸发。本文提出了一种新的探测γ射线点源自行的算法,并将其应用于第三Fermi-LAT源表(3FGL)中高银纬318个不相关的点源。光谱与PBH蒸发相一致的非关联点源没有显示出明显的自行。利用未探测到PBH候选者的情况,我们得到了地球$\dotρ_{\rm PBH} < 7.2 \times 10^3\: {\rm {pc}^{-3} {yr}^{-1}}$附近PBH蒸发率的99%置信限。这一极限与地面伽马射线观测站获得的极限相似。

英文摘要:

Black holes with masses below approximately $10^{15}$ g are expected to emit gamma rays with energies above a few tens of MeV, which can be detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Although black holes with these masses cannot be formed as a result of stellar evolution, they may have formed in the early Universe and are therefore called Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). Previous searches for PBHs have focused on either short timescale bursts or the contribution of PBHs to the isotropic gamma-ray emission. We show that, in case of individual PBHs, the Fermi LAT is most sensitive to PBHs with temperatures above approximately 16 GeV and masses $6\times 10^{11}$ g, which it can detect out to a distance of about 0.03 pc. These PBHs have a remaining lifetime of months to years at the start of the Fermi mission. They would appear as potentially moving point sources with gamma-ray emission that becomes spectrally harder and brighter with time until the PBH completely evaporates. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm to detect the proper motion of a gamma-ray point sources, and apply it to 318 unassociated point sources at high galactic latitude in the third Fermi-LAT source catalog (3FGL). None of unassociated point sources with spectra consistent with PBH evaporation show significant proper motion. Using the non-detection of PBH candidates, we derive a 99\% confidence limit on PBH evaporation rate in the vicinity of the Earth $\dotρ_{\rm PBH} < 7.2 \times 10^3\: {\rm {pc}^{-3} {yr}^{-1}}$. This limit is similar to the limits obtained with ground-based gamma-ray observatories.

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