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arXiv 0906.1648astro-ph.HE
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银河系gamma-ray天文学对原始黑洞数密度的新约束

New constraints on the primordial black hole number density from Galactic gamma-ray astronomy

R. Lehoucq, M. Casse, J. -M. Casandjian, I. Grenier

摘要:

原初黑洞是宇宙学、广义相对论、量子引力和非标准粒子物理学的独特探测器。它们可以被认为是终极的粒子加速器在其最后(爆炸)的时刻,因为它们应该达到,非常短暂,普朗克温度。质量为$M_{\star} = 5 10^{14}$ g的原始黑洞数密度的上限,霍金质量(出生于大爆炸终止他们的生命目前),是确定比较他们的预测累积$γ$射线发射,星系方面,一个观察到的EGRET卫星,一旦针对非热$γ$进行校正-由宇宙射线质子和电子与银河系中的光和物质相互作用引起的射线背景发射。一个模型与自由气体的发射率被用来映射银河系在100兆电子伏的光子范围内,原始的黑洞发射的峰值是预期的。最好的气体发射率和额外的模型参数通过拟合EGRET数据获得,并被用来推导霍金质量的原始黑洞的最大发射,假设它们像暗物质分布在星系晕。我们得到的边界,取决于暗物质的分布,外推到整个宇宙($Ω_{PBH}(M_{\star}) = 2.4 10^{-10}$到$2.6 10^{-9}$)是更严格的比以前的来自河外$γ$ -射线背景和反质子通量,虽然较少的模型依赖和更强大的数据的基础上。这些新的极限对宇宙中小结构的形成理论有着有趣的影响,因为它们是暴胀留下的非常小尺度密度波动的唯一约束。

英文摘要:

Primordial black holes are unique probes of cosmology, general relativity, quantum gravity and non standard particle physics. They can be considered as the ultimate particle accelerator in their last (explosive) moments since they are supposed to reach, very briefly, the Planck temperature. Upper limits on the primordial black hole number density of mass $M_{\star} = 5 10^{14}$ g, the Hawking mass (born in the big-bang terminating their life presently), is determined comparing their predicted cumulative $γ$-ray emission, galaxy-wise, to the one observed by the EGRET satellite, once corrected for non thermal $γ$-ray background emission induced by cosmic ray protons and electrons interacting with light and matter in the Milky Way. A model with free gas emissivities is used to map the Galaxy in the 100 MeV photon range, where the peak of the primordial black hole emission is expected. The best gas emissivities and additional model parameters are obtained by fitting the EGRET data and are used to derive the maximum emission of the primordial black hole of the Hawking mass, assuming that they are distributed like the dark matter in the Galactic halo. The bounds we obtain, depending on the dark matter distribution, extrapolated to the whole Universe ($Ω_{PBH}(M_{\star}) = 2.4 10^{-10}$ to $2.6 10^{-9}$ are more stringent than the previous ones derived from extragalactic $γ$-ray background and antiprotons fluxes, though less model dependent and based on more robust data. These new limits have interesting consequences on the theory of the formation of small structures in the Universe, since they are the only constraint on very small scale density fluctuations left by inflation.

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