Making use of definitive new lattice computations of the Standard Model thermodynamics during the quantum chromodynamic (QCD) phase transition, we calculate the enhancement in the mass distribution of primordial black holes (PBHs) due to the softening of the equation of state. We find that the enhancement peaks at approximately $0.7M_\odot$, with the formation rate increasing by at least two orders of magnitude due to the softening of the equation of state at this time, with a range of approximately $0.3M_\odot<M<1.4M_\odot$ at full width half-maximum. PBH formation is increased by a smaller amount for PBHs with masses spanning a large range, $10^{-3}M_\odot<M_{\rm PBH}<10^{3}M_\odot$, which includes the masses of the BHs that LIGO detected. The most significant source of uncertainty in the number of PBHs formed is now due to unknowns in the formation process, rather than from the phase transition. A near scale-invariant density power spectrum tuned to generate a population with mass and merger rate consistent with that detected by LIGO should also produce a much larger energy density of PBHs with solar mass. The existence of BHs below the Chandresekhar mass limit would be a smoking gun for a primordial origin and they could arguably constitute a significant fraction of the cold dark matter density. They also pose a challenge to inflationary model building which seek to produce the LIGO BHs without overproducing lighter PBHs.
Primordial Black Holes Formation Beyond the Standard Cosmic QCD Transition
Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Technical University Dresden（德累斯顿工业大学核与粒子物理研究所）；Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw（弗罗茨瓦夫大学理论物理研究所）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)（德累斯顿-罗斯多夫亥姆霍兹中心）；Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS)（高级系统理解中心）
Primordial black-hole formation and heavy r-process element synthesis from the cosmological QCD transition. Two aspects of an inhomogeneous early Universe
TU Dresden（德累斯顿工业大学）；Deutsches Zentrum für Astrophysik (DZA)（德国天体物理中心）；DESY（德国电子同步辐射研究所）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)（德累斯顿-罗斯多夫亥姆霍兹中心）；Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS)（先进系统理解中心）；University of Wrocław（弗罗茨瓦夫大学）；University of Rostock（罗斯托克大学）
QCD and electroweak phase transitions with hidden scale invariance: implications for primordial black holes, quark-lepton nuggets and gravitational waves
Sydney Consortium for Particle Physics and Cosmology（悉尼粒子物理与宇宙学联盟）；School of Physics, The University of Sydney（悉尼大学物理学院）
Thermodynamical uncertainties for primordial black holes from cosmological phase transitions
University of Warsaw（华沙大学）；SISSA International School for Advanced Studies（国际高等研究院）；INFN Sezione di Trieste（意大利国家核物理研究所的里雅斯特分部）；IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）；Université de Genève（日内瓦大学）；Goethe University（法兰克福歌德大学）
From inflation to black hole mergers and back again: Gravitational-wave data-driven constraints on inflationary scenarios with a first-principle model of primordial black holes across the QCD epoch
Accurate neural network emulator for primordial light element abundances
State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing & Ocean College, Zhejiang University（浙江大学海洋学院）；Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理与空间研究所）；Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University（广西大学物理科学与技术学院相对论天体物理重点实验室）；Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University（南方卫理公会大学物理系）；Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学系）
Primordial Asymmetries, Primordial Equation of State & Primordial Black Holes
Deutsches Zentrum für Astrophysik (DZA)（德国天体物理中心）；Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik (IKTP), TU Dresden（德累斯顿工业大学核与粒子物理研究所）；Institut de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC-Universitat de València（瓦伦西亚大学-CSIC粒子物理研究所）；Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics（亚太理论物理中心）；Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology（浦项科技大学物理系）；Department of Physics, Nagoya University（名古屋大学物理系）；Department of Physics, University of Miami（迈阿密大学物理系）；Fakultät für Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund（多特蒙德工业大学物理学院）；Arnold Sommerfeld Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität（路德维希-马克西米利安大学阿诺德·索末菲尔德中心）
Accurate $N$-body simulations with local Primordial non-Gaussianities: initial conditions and aliasing
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid（马德里自治大学）；Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental (CIAFF)（基础物理高级研究中心）；Instituto de Física Teorica UAM-CSIC（UAM-CSIC理论物理研究所）；Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)（高能物理研究所）；The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology（巴塞罗那科学技术研究院）；Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)（能源、环境和技术研究中心）；University of Vienna（维也纳大学）
CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院理论物理研究所理论物理重点实验室）；School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学物理科学学院）；State Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体物理国家重点实验室）；Physics Department, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University（暨南大学物理与光电工程学院物理学系）
