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arXiv 2007.06481astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph
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GW190425、GW190521和GW190814:QCD纪元的三个原始黑洞候选合并

GW190425, GW190521 and GW190814: Three candidate mergers of primordial black holes from the QCD epoch

Sebastien Clesse, Juan Garcia-Bellido

摘要:

LIGO/Virgo第三次观测的两个最近的引力波事件GW 190425和GW 190814都有一个伴星,如果起源于中子星或恒星黑洞,这是意料之外的,质量分别为$[1.6-2.5]~M_\odot$和$[2.5-2.7]~M_\odot$,合并率分别为$ 460^{+1050}_{-360} $和$ 7^{+16}_{-6}$事件/年/Gpc $^3$,在90\% c.l.。此外,最近的事件GW 190521具有质量为67和$91~M_\odot$的黑洞成分,因此位于所谓的对不稳定质量间隙中,在那里不应该直接形成恒星黑洞。研究了所有这些致密天体都是原始黑洞的可能性。已知的宇宙热历史预测,PBH的形成在QCD跃迁时得到加强,在这个特定的质量尺度上,它们的分布出现峰值,在$30-50~M_\odot$周围出现隆起。我们发现,从GW 190425,GW 190521和GW 190814推断的合并率与物质时代或早期宇宙中致密晕捕获形成的PBH双星一致。与此同时,$30~M_\odot$周围的黑洞合并率和太阳下PBH合并率都没有超过LIGO/Virgo的限制。这样的PBH可以解释很大一部分,甚至全部的暗物质,但它们必须足够强烈地聚集在一起,以便与当前的天体物理极限保持一致。

英文摘要:

The two recent gravitational-wave events GW190425 and GW190814 from the third observing run of LIGO/Virgo have both a companion which is unexpected if originated from a neutron star or a stellar black hole, with masses $[1.6-2.5]~M_\odot$ and $[2.5-2.7]~M_\odot$ and merging rates $ 460^{+1050}_{-360} $ and $ 7^{+16}_{-6}$ events/yr/Gpc$^3$ respectively, at 90\% c.l.. Moreover, the recent event GW190521 has black hole components with masses 67 and $91~M_\odot$, and therefore lies in the so-called pair-instability mass gap, where there should not be direct formation of stellar black holes. The possibility that all of these compact objects are Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) is investigated. The known thermal history of the Universe predicts that PBH formation is boosted at the time of the QCD transition, inducing a peak in their distribution at this particular mass scale, and a bump around $30-50~M_\odot$. We find that the merging rates inferred from GW190425, GW190521 and GW190814 are consistent with PBH binaries formed by capture in dense halos in the matter era or in the early universe. At the same time, the rate of black hole mergers around $30~M_\odot$ and of sub-solar PBH mergers do not exceed the LIGO/Virgo limits. Such PBHs could explain a significant fraction, or even the totality of the Dark Matter, but they must be sufficiently strongly clustered in order to be consistent with current astrophysical limits.

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