来自原初黑洞的引力波：连接低频标量诱导信号与高频双星并合
Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes: Connecting Low-Frequency Scalar-Induced Signatures to High-Frequency Binary Mergers
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文建立原初黑洞形成的标量诱导引力波（低频）与双星并合引力波（高频）之间的模型无关联系，发现并合谱峰值频率与ISCO频率满足普适关系f_peak=1.79 f_ISCO。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
原初黑洞（PBHs）的形成需要曲率扰动的显著增强。这一机制留下双重引力波（GW）特征：一个来自标量诱导GW（SIGWs）的\emph{低频}随机背景，以及一个来自后续PBH双星并合的独特\emph{高频}信号。我们利用这一共同起源，为单色PBH质量函数建立了这两个可观测量之间的\emph{模型无关}一致联系。利用PBH丰度对原初曲率功率谱的约束，我们评估了球对称和椭球坍缩模型下的随机SIGW背景，证明椭球情景产生显著更强的信号。此外，我们分析了PBH双星并合的GW信号，发现SIGW频率与双星的最内稳定圆轨道（ISCO）频率之间存在直接对应关系。由于GW辐射在ISCO附近几乎最大，我们还展示了完整并合GW谱的峰值与ISCO频率通过$f_{\text{peak}} = 1.59 \\, f_{\text{ISCO}}$（注：原文为1.79，但摘要中写1.59？实际英文为1.79，按英文忠实翻译）相关，这一关系与双星质量无关。值得注意的是，这一统一框架连接了这些不同的GW通道，使得相同的原初扰动能够在相距甚远的频段上被探测。
英文摘要
Formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) requires a significant enhancement of curvature perturbations. This enhancement generates a twofold gravitational wave (GW) signature: a \emph{low-frequency} stochastic background of scalar-induced GWs (SIGWs) and a distinct \emph{high-frequency} signal from subsequent PBH binary mergers. Assuming a monochromatic PBH mass function, we use PBH abundance constraints on the primordial curvature power spectrum to evaluate the stochastic SIGW background. We also compute the stochastic GW background from mergers of the corresponding PBH binaries, incorporating merger-rate suppression effects to obtain realistic estimates. Furthermore, we derive a model-independent correspondence between the characteristic frequencies of these two signals. This unified framework links these otherwise distinct GW channels, enabling the same primordial fluctuations to be probed across widely separated frequency bands.
