Andrea Sartori
Let $p$ be a prime and let $g(p)$ be the least primitive root modulo $p$. We prove that for any $ε>0$ and $p$ large enough the bound \begin{align} g(p)\ll p^{\frac{1}{4\sqrt{e}}+ε} \nonumber \end{align} holds for most prime $p$ such that $p-1$ does not have small prime factors, but $2$. We also give an explicit description of the exceptional set.
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We prove that any prime $p$ satisfying $ϕ(p-1)\leq (p-1)/4$ contains two consecutive quadratic non-residues modulo $p$ neither of which is a primitive root modulo $p$.
Let $q\geq 1$ be any integer and let $ ε\in [\frac{1}{11}, \frac{1}{2})$ be a given real number. In this short note, we prove that for all primes $p$ satisfying $$ p\equiv 1\pmod{q}, \quad \log\log p > \frac{\log 6.83}{\frac{1}{2}-ε} \mbox{ and } \frac{ϕ(p-1)}{p-1} \leq \frac{1}{2} - ε, $$ there exists a quadratic non-residue $g$ which is not a primitive root modulo $p$ such that $gcd\left(g, \frac{p-1}{q}\right) = 1$.
We investigate, using the weighted linear sieve, the distribution of almost-primes among the residue classes (mod p) that generate the multiplicative group of reduced residue classes. We are concerned with finding an upper bound for the least prime or almost-prime primitive root (mod p) that holds uniformly for all p, analogous to Linnik's Theorem on a uniform upper bound for the least prime in a single arithmetic progression (mod p).
We study the equidistribution of multiplicatively defined sets, such as the squarefree integers, quadratic non-residues or primitive roots, in sets which are described in an additive way, such as sumsets or Hilbert cubes. In particular, we show that if one fixes any proportion less than $40\%$ of the digits of all numbers of a given binary bit length, then the remaining set still has the asymptotically expected number of squarefree integers. Next, we investigate the distribution of primitive roots modulo a large prime $p$, establishing a new upper bound on the largest dimension of a Hilbert cu…
Consider the product of (1-p^(-s))^(-4) over all primes p=1 mod 5. We evaluate its residue at s=1 and compare with the corresponding Mertens constant of Languasco & Zaccagnini. We also count primitive quintic Dirichlet characters mod n and determine their average number as n->infty.
We define a new congruence relation on the set of integers, leading to a group similar to the multiplicative group of integers modulo $n$. It makes use of a symmetry almost omnipresent in modular multiplications and halves the number of residue classes. Using it, we are able to give an elegant description of some results due to Carl Schick, others are reduced to well-known theorems from algebra and number theory. Many concepts from number theory such as quadratic residues and primitive roots are equally applicable. It brings noticeable advantages in studying powers of odd primes, and in partic…
We prove upper bounds for sums of Kloosterman sums against general arithmetic weight functions. In particular, we obtain power cancellation in sums of Kloosterman sums over arithmetic progressions, which is of square-root strength in any fixed primitive congruence class up to bounds towards the Ramanujan conjecture.
Let $p$ be an odd prime. For each integer $a$ with $p\nmid a$, the famous Zolotarev's Lemma says that the Legendre symbol $(\frac{a}{p})$ is the sign of the permutation of $\Z/p\Z$ induced by multiplication by $a$. The extension of Zolotarev's result to the case of odd integers was shown by Frobenius. After that, Lerch extended these to all positive integers. In this paper we explore some applications of Lerch's result. For instance, we study permutations involving arbitrary $k$-th power residue modulo $p$ and primitive roots of a power of $p$. Finally, we discuss some permutation problems con…
We consider the dynamical system created by iterating a morphism of a projective variety defined over the field of fractions of a discrete valuation ring. We study the primitive period of a periodic point in this field in relation to the primitive period of the reduced point in the residue field, the order of the action on the cotangent space, and the characteristic of the residue field.
The {\em Liouville function} is defined by $\gl(n):=(-1)^{Ω(n)}$ where $Ω(n)$ is the number of prime divisors of $n$ counting multiplicity. Let $\z_m:=e^{2πi/m}$ be a primitive $m$--th root of unity. As a generalization of Liouville's function, we study the functions $\gl_{m,k}(n):=\z_m^{kΩ(n)}$. Using properties of these functions, we give a weak equidistribution result for $Ω(n)$ among residue classes. More formally, we show that for any positive integer $m$, there exists an $A>0$ such that for all $j=0,1,...,m-1,$ we have $$#\{n\leq x:Ω(n)\equiv j (\bmod m)\}=\frac{x}{m}+O(\frac{x}{\log^A x…
Let $p$ be a prime. If an integer $g$ generates a subgroup of index $t$ in $(\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z)^*,$ then we say that $g$ is a $t$-near primitive root modulo $p$. We point out the easy result that each primitive residue class contains a positive natural density subset of primes $p$ not having $g$ as a $t$-near primitive root and prove a more difficult variant.
We make many new observations on primitive roots modulo primes. For an odd prime $p$ and an integer $c$, we establish a theorem concerning $\sum_g(\frac{g+c}p)$, where $g$ runs over all the primitive roots modulo $p$ among $1,\ldots,p-1$, and $(\frac{\cdot}p)$ denotes the Legendre symbol. On the basis of our numerical computations, we formulate 35 conjectures involving primitive roots modulo primes. For example, we conjecture that for any prime $p$ there is a primitive root $g<p$ modulo $p$ with $g-1$ a square, and that for any prime $p>3$ there is a prime $q<p$ with the Bernoulli number $B_{q…
In this paper, we introduce and study a variant of Kummer's notion of (ir)regularity of primes which we call G-irregularity. It is based on Genocchi numbers $G_n$, rather than Bernoulli number $B_n.$ We say that an odd prime $p$ is G-irregular if it divides at least one of the integers $G_2,G_4,\ldots, G_{p-3}$, and G-regular otherwise. We show that, as in Kummer's case, G-irregularity is related to the divisibility of some class number. Furthermore, we obtain some results on the distribution of G-irregular primes. In particular, we show that each primitive residue class contains infinitely ma…
Given a prime number $l$ and a finite set of integers $S=\{a_1,...,a_m\}$ we find out the exact degree of the extension $\mathbb{Q}(a_1^{\frac{1}{l}},...,a_m^{\frac{1}{l}})/\mathbb{Q}$. We give two different ways to compute this degree. The first method is using ramifiaction theory. The second proof follwos from our study of the distribution of primes $p$ for which all of $a_i$ are $l^{th}$ power residue simultaneously.
Given a prime number $l$ and a finite set of integers $S=\{a_1,...,a_m\}$ we find out the exact degree of the extension $\mathbb{Q}(a_1^{\frac{1}{l}},...,a_m^{\frac{1}{l}})/\mathbb{Q}$. We give an algorithm to compute this degree and then further relate it to the study of the distribution of primes $p$ for which all of $a_i$ assume a preassigned $l^{th}$ power residue simultaneously. Also we relate this degree to rank of a matrix obtained from $S=\{a_1,...,a_m\}$. This latter arguement enable one to describe the degree $\mathbb{Q}(a_1^{\frac{1}{l}},...,a_m^{\frac{1}{l}})/\mathbb{Q}$ in much si…
On a polynomial involving quadratic residues modulo primes
本文通过伽罗瓦理论研究多项式G_p(x)在单位根处的值，验证了某些猜想，特别是针对特定素数模数的根单位情况，给出了多项式值的表达式。
Given a prime power $q$ and a positive integer $n$, let $\mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}$ denote the finite field with $q^n$ elements. Also let $a,b$ be arbitrary members of the ground field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. We investigate the existence of a non-zero element $ξ\in \mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}$ such that $ξ+ ξ^{-1}$ is primitive and $T(ξ)=a, T(ξ^{-1})=b$, where $T(ξ)$ denotes the trace of $ξ$ in $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. This was a question intended to be addressed by Cao and Wang in 2014. Their work dealt instead with another problem already in the literature. Our solution deals with all values of $n \geq 5$. A related stu…
We generalize current known distribution results on Shanks--Rényi prime number races to the case where arbitrarily many residue classes are involved. Our method handles both the classical case that goes back to Chebyshev and function field analogues developed in the recent years. More precisely, let $π(x;q,a)$ be the number of primes up to $x$ that are congruent to $a$ modulo $q$. For a fixed integer $q$ and distinct invertible congruence classes $a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_D$, assuming the generalized Riemann Hypothesis and a weak version of the linear independence hypothesis, we show that the set of $…
Let $p=2n+1$ be an odd prime, and let $ζ_{p^2-1}$ be a primitive $(p^2-1)$-th root of unity in the algebraic closure $\overline{\mathbb{Q}_p}$ of $\mathbb{Q}_p$. We let $g\in\mathbb{Z}_p[ζ_{p^2-1}]$ be a primitive root modulo $p\mathbb{Z}_p[ζ_{p^2-1}]$ with $g\equiv ζ_{p^2-1}\pmod {p\mathbb{Z}_p[ζ_{p^2-1}]}$. Let $Δ\equiv3\pmod4$ be an arbitrary quadratic non-residue modulo $p$ in $\mathbb{Z}$. By the Local Existence Theorem we know that $\mathbb{Q}_p(\sqrtΔ)=\mathbb{Q}_p(ζ_{p^2-1})$. For all $x\in\mathbb{Z}[\sqrtΔ]$ and $y\in\mathbb{Z}_p[ζ_{p^2-1}]$ we use $\bar{x}$ and $\bar{y}$ to denote th…
We verify a conjecture of Emil Artin, for the case of a Cubic and Quadratic form over any $p$-adic field, provided the cardinality of the residue class field exceeds 293. That is any Cubic and Quadratic form with at least 14 variables has a non-trivial $p$-adic zero, with the aforementioned condition on the residue class field. A crucial step in the proof, involves generalizing a $p$-adic minimization procedure due to W. M. Schmidt to hold for systems of forms of arbitrary degrees.
Given a primitive, non-CM, holomorphic cusp form $f$ with normalized Fourier coefficients $a(n)$ and given an interval $I\subset [-2, 2]$, we study the least prime $p$ such that $a(p)\in I$ . This can be viewed as a modular form analogue of Vinogradov's problem on the least quadratic non-residue. We obtain strong explicit bounds on $p$, depending on the analytic conductor of $f$ for some specific choices of $I$.
Simultaneous extreme values of zeta and L-functions
该研究证明不同本原L函数可在临界线上同时取极值，采用改进的共振方法，且该方法可用于确立L函数族的同时中心极值。
In this note, we prove that given a Hecke-Maass cusp form $f$ for $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ and a sufficiently large integer $q=q_1q_2$ with $q_j\asymp \sqrt{q}$ being prime numbers for $j=1,2$, there exists a primitive Dirichlet character $χ$ of conductor $q$ such that $L\left(\frac{1}{2},f\otimes χ\right)L\left(\frac{1}{2},χ\right)\neq 0$. To prove this, we establish asymptotic formulas of $L\left(\frac{1}{2},f\otimes χ\right)L\left(\frac{1}{2},χ\right)$ over the family of even primitive Dirichlet characters $χ$ of conductor $q$ for more general $q$.
Frobenius Numbers Associated with Primitive Pythagorean Quadruples
本文针对原始毕达哥拉斯四元组生成的数值半群，在特定条件下给出了 Frobenius 数的显式公式，证明基于完全剩余系、规范化与提升-轨道方法。
Quadratic residues and related permutations
本文研究了奇素数模 $p$ 下涉及二次剩余的序列排列 $\sigma_{i,j}$，给出了 $p\equiv 1\pmod 4$ 时 $\sigma_{0,1}$ 与 $\sigma_{0,2}$ 的符号，推广了 Sun 的结果。
In this article, we study the simultaneous sign changes of the Fourier coefficients of two Hilbert cusp forms of different integral weights. We also study the simultaneous non-vanishing of Fourier coefficients, of two distinct non-zero primitive Hilbert cuspidal non-CM eigenforms of integral weights, at powers of a fixed prime ideal.
Private Simultaneous Messages Based on Quadratic Residues
本文提出基于二次剩余的 QR-PSM 协议，为任意对称布尔函数实现 $O(n^2)$ 通信复杂度，并改进通用协议所需 Peralta 素数的上界。
We prove that given a Hecke-Maass form $f$ for $\text{SL}(2, \mathbb{Z})$ and a sufficiently large prime $q$, there exists a primitive Dirichlet character $χ$ of conductor $q$ such that the $L$-values $L(\tfrac{1}{2}, f \otimes χ)$ and $L(\tfrac{1}{2}, χ)$ do not vanish. We expect the same method to work for any large integer $q$.
Let $p=3n+1$ be a prime with $n\in\mathbb{N}=\{0,1,\cdots\}$, and let $g\in\mathbb{Z}$ be a primitive root modulo $p$. Let $0<a_1<\cdots<a_n<p$ be all the cubic residues modulo $p$ in the interval $(0,p)$. Then clearly the sequence $$a_1\ {\rm mod}\ p,\ a_2\ {\rm mod}\ p,\cdots, a_n\ {\rm mod}\ p$$ is a permutation $s_p(g)$ of the sequence $$g^3\ {\rm mod}\ p,\ g^6\ {\rm mod}\ p,\cdots, g^{3n}\ {\rm mod}\ p.$$ In this paper, we shall determine the sign of this permutation.
Primitive inhomogeneous approximation for fixed non-singular frequencies
针对固定非奇异同时频率，证明了高维原始非齐次丢番图逼近结果，频率类显式且具有完全勒贝格测度。
Simultaneous Residue-Class Selection in Prescribed-Difference Packings
本文证明素数差等差数列打包问题的两个渐近最优公式，达到已知下界并解决相关猜想，方法结合循环相位选择、格覆盖与素数规则块分解。
Primitive Quadratic Polynomials in Additive Coset Families
该研究针对奇素数幂\textit{q}>204931的情况，结合特征和估计、改进素数筛法及精确有限计算，证明了Gow–McGuire关于本原二次多项式的猜想3，同时也证明了该范围内的猜想1和2。
Simultaneous non-vanishing of Dirichlet $L$--functions, II: Weighted central limit theorem
在广义黎曼假设下，证明四个狄利克雷\(L\)函数在中心点联合分布的加权中心极限定理，通过本原特征族扭曲，应用此定理得出该族中一定比例特征对应的中心值同时很大或同时非零且很小。
In the present paper we obtain new upper bound estimates for the number of solutions of the congruence $$ x\equiv y r\pmod p;\quad x,y\in \mathbb{N},\quad x,y\le H,\quad r\in\cU, $$ for certain ranges of $H$ and $|\cU|$, where $\cU$ is a subset of the field of residue classes modulo $p$ having small multiplicative doubling. We then use this estimate to show that the number of solutions of the congruence $$ x^n\equiv λ\pmod p; \quad x\in \N, \quad L<x<L+p/n, $$ is at most $p^{\frac{1}{3}-c}$ uniformly over positive integers $n, λ$ and $L$, for some absolute constant $c>0$. This implies, in part…
Simultaneous nonvanishing of Dirichlet $L$-functions in Galois orbits
在广义黎曼假设下，证明固定伽罗瓦轨道中正比例特征使两个 $L$-函数乘积在 $1/2$ 处同时非零，并给出磨光矩估计及无条件二次矩计算。
On Ramanujan Primes for Hecke-Maass Cusp Forms
本文研究了两个或三个不同原始海格尔-马克斯自拍形式同时满足拉马努金猜想的最小素数上界，以及至少一个形式满足猜想的素数自然密度下界。
Simultaneous non-vanishing of twists of $\mathrm{GL}_3$ and $\mathrm{GL}_1$ $L$-functions
该研究针对固定的SL₃(ℤ)赫克-马阿斯尖型F，证明存在无穷多本原狄利克雷特征χ使对应GL₃与GL₁的扭L-函数不同时为零，还得到了相关中心值乘积的渐近公式。
A well-known generalisation of positional numeration systems is the case where the base is the residue class of $x$ modulo a given polynomial $f(x)$ with coefficients in (for example) the integers, and where we try to construct finite expansions for all residue classes modulo $f(x)$, using a suitably chosen digit set. We give precise conditions under which direct or fibred products of two such polynomial number systems are again of the same form. The main tool is a general form of the Chinese Remainder Theorem. We give applications to simultaneous number systems in the integers.
Irreducible smooth representations in defining characteristic without central character
本文针对素数p>3、整数n>1及满足条件的非阿基米德局部域F，利用已有文献方法构造了E上GLₙ(F)无中心特征的不可约光滑表示，还构造了带中心特征、非标量自同态且n>3时无Hecke特征值的同类表示。
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