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arXiv 1709.03420astro-ph.COgr-qc
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聚集的暗能量和晕丰度

Clustering dark energy and halo abundances

Ronaldo C. Batista, Valerio Marra

摘要:

在标准范式中,暗能量被视为驱动宇宙加速膨胀的均匀流体,而不会对星系和星系团等坍缩物体的质量做出贡献。星系团的丰度-通过各种渠道测量-已被广泛用于限制功率谱的归一化:它是一个重要的探测器,因为它使我们能够测试标准的$Λ$ CDM模型是否确实可以准确地描述数十亿年来的结构演变。因此,普朗克卫星通过Sunyaev-Zel'dovich效应探测到的星系团比根据主CMB各向异性所预期的要少,这是非常重要的。可以调和这些观察结果的最简单的概括之一是考虑允许暗能量聚集的模型,即,使其声速可以变化。然而,在这种情况下,计算星系团丰度的标准方法需要进行调整,以考虑暗能量的贡献。特别是,我们研究的情况下,集群暗能量-一个暗能量流体可以忽略不计的声速-与红移相关的状态方程。我们仔细研究了如何晕质量函数在这种情况下修改,突出了在文献中没有考虑过的校正。我们解决的增长函数,崩溃阈值,维里化密度的修改,也在崩溃和质量函数归一化的共动规模的变化。结果表明,团簇暗能量对晕丰度的影响在10%~ 30%之间,这取决于晕的质量,并且在红移为1时,团簇数被修正约30%.

英文摘要:

Within the standard paradigm, dark energy is taken as a homogeneous fluid that drives the accelerated expansion of the universe and does not contribute to the mass of collapsed objects such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. The abundance of galaxy clusters -- measured through a variety of channels -- has been extensively used to constrain the normalization of the power spectrum: it is an important probe as it allows us to test if the standard $Λ$CDM model can indeed accurately describe the evolution of structures across billions of years. It is then quite significant that the Planck satellite has detected, via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, less clusters than expected according to the primary CMB anisotropies. One of the simplest generalizations that could reconcile these observations is to consider models in which dark energy is allowed to cluster, i.e., allowing its sound speed to vary. In this case, however, the standard methods to compute the abundance of galaxy clusters need to be adapted to account for the contributions of dark energy. In particular, we examine the case of clustering dark energy -- a dark energy fluid with negligible sound speed -- with a redshift-dependent equation of state. We carefully study how the halo mass function is modified in this scenario, highlighting corrections that have not been considered before in the literature. We address modifications in the growth function, collapse threshold, virialization densities and also changes in the comoving scale of collapse and mass function normalization. Our results show that clustering dark energy can impact halo abundances at the level of 10\%--30\%, depending on the halo mass, and that cluster counts are modified by about 30\% at a redshift of unity.

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