The criteria for bosonization of Cooper pairs and novel Bose-liquid superconductivity and superfluidity in high-$T_c$ cuprates and other pseudogap matters are formulated by using the uncertainty principle and the boson mean field theory. We argue that the BCS-type s- or d-wave superconductivity occurring in the fermionic limit of Cooper pairs (which exist in ordinary metals and heavily overdoped cuprates with large Fermi energies) is not characteristic of underdoped to overdoped cuprates with low Fermi energies. The superconducting order parameter in high-$T_c$ cuprates and other pseudogap matters cannot be determined as the BCS-like (s- or d-wave) gap. We show that the unconventional superconductivity/superfluidity occurring in the bosonic limit of Cooper pairs exists in low Fermi energy systems where the bosonic Cooper pairs are formed at a pseudogap temperature T* above the uperconducting/superfluid transition temperature $T_c$ and then such bosons condenses into a Bose superfluid at $T_c$. The pair condensation of attracting bosons occurs at $T_c$ and then their single particle condensation sets in at $T_c^*$ lower than $T_c$ (in three dimensions (3D)) or at T=0 (in two dimensions (2D)). The coherent single particle and pair condensates of bosons exist as two distinct superfluid phases below $T_c$. By solving the mean field equations for high-$T_c$ cuprates, the novel superconducting states (i.e., a vortex-like state existing below the temperature $T_v=T^{2D}_c$ lower than T* but higher than $T_c=T^{3D}_c$ and two superconducting phases below $T_c$) and their properties characterized by the boson superfluid stiffness are determined and compared with the key experimental findings. The novel Bose-liquid superconductivity and superfluidity exists also in other exotic superconductors/superfluids, including quantum liquids, atomic Fermi gases and low-density nuclear matter.
A consistent microscopic theory of pseudogap phenomena and novel Bose-liquid superconductivity (superfluidity) is presented, based on the fact that in high-$T_c$ cuprates and related systems the energy $\varepsilon_A$ of the effective attraction between fermions is comparable with their Fermi energy $\varepsilon_F$ and the bosonic Cooper pairs are formed above $T_c$ and then a part of such Cooper pairs condense into a Bose superfluid at $T_c$. High-$T_c$ cuprates and other systems with low Fermi energies ($\varepsilon_F\sim\varepsilon_A$) are bosonic superconductors/superfluids and exhibit pse…
Despite the multi-band spectrum of the widely-known Hofstadter butterfly, it turns out that the pairing correlations of the time-reversal-symmetric Hofstadter-Hubbard model are well-described by a single order parameter that is uniform in real space. By exploiting a BCS mean-field theory for the nearly-flat butterfly-bands regime of low magnetic-flux limit, here we reveal a number of unusual superfluid properties both in the ground state and at finite temperatures. Our thorough analysis includes but is not limited to the order parameter, condensate and superfluid fractions, and the critical BC…
Non-equilibrium Enhancement of Cooper Pairing in Cold Fermion Systems
本文类比Eliashberg [G. M. Eliashberg，在“非平衡超导性”中，由D. N. Langenberg和A. I. Larkin（North-Holland，New York，1986）]关于微波对超导性的增强。通过由于与玻色子浴的热接触和/或蒸发冷却引起的热损失平衡的费米子的光学激发使得能够存在稳定的非平衡态。这种状态表现为准粒子谱向更高能量的移动，这种效应有效地提高了配对转变温度。作为一个例子，我们计算了有效的增强库珀配对和超流性的正常和超流相的混合物的Rb和Li在小偏离平衡的限制。有人认为，在实验中所希望的效果并不限于这样的小扰动和有效的配对温度的提高可能是相当大的。
We obtain a phase diagram of the spin imbalanced Hubbard model on the Lieb lattice, which is known to feature a flat band in its single-particle spectrum. Using the BCS mean-field theory for multiband systems, we find a variety of superfluid phases with imbalance. In particular, we find four different types FFLO phases, i.e. superfluid phases with periodic spatial modulation. They differ by the magnitude and direction of the centre-of-mass momentum of Cooper pairs. We also see a large region of stable Sarma phase, where the density imbalance is associated with zero Cooper pair momentum. In the…
The ground states of bosons have been classified into superfluid, Mott insulator, and bose glass. Recent experiments in two-dimensional superconductors strongly suggest the existence of the fourth quantum state of Cooper pairs, i.e., bose metal or quantum metal, where the resistivity remains constant at lowest temperature. However, its theoretical understanding remains unsettled. In this paper, we show theoretically that the bosons in the dilute limit subject to dissipation can lose the superfluidity and remain metallic, utilizing the Feynman's picture of superfluidity in the first quantized f…
We theoretically predict an exotic topological superfluid state with spatially modulated pairing gap in one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases. This inhomogeneous topological superfluidity is induced by applying simultaneously a perpendicular Zeeman magnetic field and an equally weighted Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling in one-dimensional optical lattices. Based on the self-consistent Bogoliubov--de Gennes theory, we confirm that this novel topological phase is a unique condensation of Cooper pairs, which manifests the interplay between the inhomogeneity of superfluid and its…
Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学稀有同位束设施）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学物理与天文学系）；TRIUMF（特利安夫实验室）；Department of Physics, University of Guelph（圭尔夫大学物理系）；Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室理论部）；Department of Physics, Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学物理系）；Department of Physics and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida（佛罗里达大学物理与量子理论项目）
It has been recognized that the condensation of spin-triplet Cooper pairs requires not only the broken gauge symmetry but also the spin ordering as well. One consequence of this is the possibility of the Cooper-pair spin current analogous to the magnon spin current in magnetic insulators, the analogy also extending to the existence of the Gilbert damping of the collective spin-triplet dynamics. The recently fabricated heterostructure of the thin film of the itinerant ferromagnet SrRuO3 on the bulk Sr2RuO4, the best-known candidate material for the spin-triplet superconductor, offers a promisin…
We investigate color superfluidity and trimer formation in resonantly interacting SU(3) Fermi gases with a finite interaction range. The finite range is crucial to avoid the Thomas collapse and treat the Efimov effect occurring in this system. Using the Skorniakov-Ter-Martirosian (STM) equation with medium effects, we show the effects of the atomic Fermi distribution on the Efimov trimer energy at finite temperature. We show the critical temperature of color superfluidity within the non-selfconsistent $T$-matrix approximation (TMA). In this way, we can provide a first insight into the phase di…
p-wave Superfluidity by Spin-Nematic Fermi Surface Deformation
研究了具有强自旋相关各向异性的色散关系的正方晶格上相互吸引的费米子。由此产生的费米表面失配抑制了s波BCS型不稳定性，为非常规类型的秩序扫清了道路。使用Diagrammatic Monte Carlo方法对费曼图解系列进行无偏采样，揭示了中间耦合强度区域的丰富相图。代替所提出的库珀对玻色金属相[A. E. Feiguin和M. P. A. Fisher，Phys. Rev. Lett. 103，025303（2009）]我们发现了强各向异性下的无公度密度波和中等各向异性下具有非常规对称性的两种不同的p波超流态。
In this letter, we address the impact of the electric field on superconductors which are insulators in the normal state, superconducting semiconductors at low carrier concentration and ultracold gas of fermions in the strongly interacting regime. The electric field penetrates these systems and affects on the Cooper pairs. We show that if there are Cooper pairs above the superconductor critical temperature the electric field forces the Cooper pairs to Bose condensate and the onset of the superconductivity, thereby increasing the critical temperature. To study this phenomenon we numerically solv…
The condensation of Cooper pairs, originating from the Fermi-surface instability due to a weakly attractive interaction between two fermions, opened a new frontier for exploring many-body physics in interdisciplinary contexts. In this work, we discuss the possible condensation of Cooper triples, which are three-body counterparts of Cooper pairs for three-component fermions with a three-body attraction. Although each composite trimer-like state obeys the Fermi-Dirac statistics, its aggregate can form a condensate at zero center-of-mass momentum in the presence of the internal degrees of freedom…
Gapless topological Fulde-Ferrell superfluidity induced by in-plane Zeeman field
拓扑超流体是最近发现的量子物质，它拥有拓扑保护的无隙边缘态，称为马约拉纳费米子-奇异的量子粒子，充当自己的反粒子，服从非阿贝尔统计。它们的实现被认为是容错量子计算等未来技术的核心。到目前为止，建立拓扑超流体和Majorana费米子的最有效方案是基于Sau-Lutchyn-Tewari-Das Sarma模型，在} \textbf{\textit{x-y}} \textbf{ plane and a large out-of-plane (perpendicular) Zeeman field along the } \textbf{\textit{z}} \textbf {-方向上具有Rashba型自旋轨道耦合。在这里，我们提出了一个替代的设置，其中的拓扑超流相驱动的应用面内塞曼场。该方案提供了许多新的特征，特别是有限质心动量下的库珀配对（即，Fulde-Ferrell配对）和大量无间隙激发。由此，出现了一种新的具有非均匀配对序参量的无隙拓扑量子物质。它的特点是在边界处的单向马约拉纳表面态，在同一方向传播，并连接两个外尔节点的散装。我们证明了这种奇异的拓扑物质和相关的马约拉纳费米子自旋轨道耦合原子费米气体的出现，并确定其参数空间。我们的计划在半导体/超导体异质结的实施进行了简要讨论。
Twodimensional spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases subject to s-wave pairing can be driven into a topological phase by increasing the Zeeman spin splitting beyond a critical value. In the topological phase, the system exhibits the hallmarks of chiral p-wave superfluidity, including exotic Majorana excitations. Previous theoretical studies of this realization of a twodimensional topological Fermi superfluid have focused on the BCS regime where the s-wave Cooper pairs are only weakly bound and, hence, the induced chiral p-wave order parameter has a small magnitude. Motivated by the goal to identify p…
The shear viscosity has been shown to be equal to the product of pressure and relaxation time in normal scale-invariant fluids, but the presence of superfluidity at low temperatures can alter the relation. By using the mean-field BCS-Leggett theory with a gauge-invariant linear response theory for unitary Fermi superfluids, we present an explicit relation between thermodynamic quantities, including the pressure and chemical potential, and transport coefficients, including the shear viscosity, superfluid density, and anomalous shear viscosity from momentum transfer via Cooper pairs. The relatio…
Starting with the two-band description of an orbital Feshbach resonance, we study superfluid properties of a trapped $^{173}$Yb Fermi gas under the assumptions of a local-density approximation for the trapping potential and a mean-field approximation for the intra-band Cooper pairings. In particular, we investigate the competition and interplay between the pair-breaking effect that is caused by the inter-band detuning energy, and the pair-breaking and thermal-broadening effects that are simultaneously caused by the temperature. We predict several experimental signatures that are directly cause…
Westlake University（西湖大学）；Westlake Institute for Advanced Study（西湖高等研究院）；Institute for Theoretical Sciences, Westlake University（西湖大学理论科学研究院）；Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study（西湖高等研究院自然科学研究院）；New Cornerstone Science Laboratory（新基石科学实验室）；Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University（西湖大学理学院物理系）；Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University（西湖大学理学院浙江省量子材料重点实验室）
We study multiple period states of a two-component unpolarized superfluid Fermi gas in an optical lattice along the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) crossover. The existence of states whose period is a multiple of the lattice spacing is a direct consequence of the non-linear behavior of the gas, which is due to the presence of the order parameter associated with superfluidity. By solving Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations for a superfluid flow with finite quasimomentum, we find that, in the BCS side of the crossover, the multiple period states can be energetically …
Cooper pairing caused by an induced interaction represents a paradigm in our description of fermionic superfluidity. Here, we present a strong coupling theory for the critical temperature of $p$-wave pairing between spin polarised fermions immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate. The fermions interact via the exchange of phonons in the condensate, and our self-consistent theory takes into account the full frequency/momentum dependence of the resulting induced interaction. We demonstrate that both retardation and self-energy effects are important for obtaining a reliable value of the critical te…
We study the attractive Hubbard model with spin imbalance on two lattices featuring a flat band: the Lieb and kagome lattices. We present mean-field phase diagrams featuring exotic superfluid phases, similar to the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, whose stability is confirmed by dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). The nature of the pairing is found to be richer than just the Fermi surface shift responsible for the usual FFLO state. The presence of a flat band allows for changes in the particle momentum distributions at null energy cost. This facilitates formation of nontrivial su…
