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arXiv 1906.04461cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.supr-con
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BEC体系中s波配对的手征二维p波超流体

Chiral twodimensional p-wave superfluid from s-wave pairing in the BEC regime

K. Thompson, J. Brand, U. Zülicke

摘要:

二维自旋轨道耦合费米气体的s波配对可以驱动到一个拓扑相增加塞曼自旋分裂超过一个临界值。在拓扑阶段,该系统表现出手征p波超流性的标志,包括异国情调的马约拉纳激发。以前的理论研究,这种实现的二维拓扑费米超流体集中在BCS制度的s波库珀对只有弱约束,因此,诱导手征p波序参量有一个小的幅度。出于确定实验实现超冷原子气体中鲁棒拓扑超流体的潜在新方法的目的,我们研究了通过增加该系统的库珀对结合能驱动的BCS到BEC交叉。特别地,我们得到了两粒子束缚态能量和塞曼自旋分裂能量的参数空间相图。BCS到BEC交叉的普通特性,特别是费米面的收缩和最终消失,在非拓扑相观察。相比之下,拓扑相保留了手征p波超流性的所有特征,包括一个定义明确的底层费米表面,即使是大的s波对结合能。与BCS极限相比,BEC体系中的拓扑超流体即使对于中等量级的自旋-轨道耦合也具有更好的可实现性,因为手征p波序参量一般较大,残余的s波配对被抑制.我们确定的最佳参数范围,可以帮助进一步的实验研究和阐明的手征p波超流体的持久性的物理原因。

英文摘要:

Twodimensional spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases subject to s-wave pairing can be driven into a topological phase by increasing the Zeeman spin splitting beyond a critical value. In the topological phase, the system exhibits the hallmarks of chiral p-wave superfluidity, including exotic Majorana excitations. Previous theoretical studies of this realization of a twodimensional topological Fermi superfluid have focused on the BCS regime where the s-wave Cooper pairs are only weakly bound and, hence, the induced chiral p-wave order parameter has a small magnitude. Motivated by the goal to identify potential new ways for the experimental realization of robust topological superfluids in ultra-cold atom gases, we study the BCS-to-BEC crossover driven by increasing the Cooper-pair binding energy for this system. In particular, we obtain phase diagrams in the parameter space of two-particle bound-state energy and Zeeman spin-splitting energy. Ordinary characteristics of the BCS-to-BEC crossover, in particular the shrinking and eventual disappearance of the Fermi surface, are observed in the nontopological phase. In contrast, the topological phase retains all features of chiral p-wave superfluidity, including a well-defined underlying Fermi surface, even for large s-wave pair-binding energies. Compared to the BCS limit, the topological superfluid in the BEC regime turns out to be better realizable even for only moderate magnitude of spin-orbit coupling because the chiral p-wave order parameter is generally larger and remnants of s-wave pairing are suppressed. We identify optimal parameter ranges that can aid further experimental investigations and elucidate the underlying physical reason for the persistence of the chiral p-wave superfluid.

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