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arXiv 2109.12945cond-mat.quant-gas
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玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中高旋数超流循环的产生

Generation of high winding-number superfluid circulation in Bose-Einstein condensates

Kali E. Wilson, E. Carlo Samson, Zachary L. Newman, Brian P. Anderson

摘要:

我们通过实验和数值模拟证明了在高度扁玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)中确定性地产生多重量子化超流绕障碍物环流的方法。我们的方法涉及螺旋的蓝色失谐激光束,作为一个排斥的光学势,周围和朝向中心的BEC。这种光学势首先作为排斥搅拌器在BEC内引发超流,然后作为钉扎势将超流循环的中心输送到冷凝物的中心。通过改变束流沿螺旋轨迹运动的速率,我们有选择地控制引入BEC的净循环。我们实验上实现了钉扎超流与绕组数高达11,持续至少4秒。在螺旋轨迹的末端,当钉扎束处于全功率时,BEC具有环形几何形状,具有高缠绕数的持续电流。或者,光束功率可以斜降,允许控制放置相同循环的单量子化涡旋的集群。这种技术可以作为一个积木在未来的实验架构,以创建按需涡流分布和超流循环BEC。

英文摘要:

We experimentally and numerically demonstrate a method to deterministically generate multiply-quantized superfluid circulation about an obstacle in highly oblate Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Our method involves spiraling a blue-detuned laser beam, which acts as a repulsive optical potential, around and towards the center of the BEC. This optical potential serves first as a repulsive stirrer to initiate superflow within the BEC, and then as a pinning potential that transports the center of the superfluid circulation to the center of the condensate. By changing the rate at which the beam moves along the spiral trajectory, we selectively control the net circulation introduced into the BEC. We experimentally achieve pinned superflow with winding numbers as high as 11, which persists for at least 4 s. At the end of the spiral trajectory, with the pinning beam on at full power, the BEC has a toroidal geometry with a high winding-number persistent current. Alternatively, the beam power can be ramped off, allowing controlled placement of a cluster of singly-quantized vortices of the same circulation. This technique can serve as a building block in future experimental architectures to create on-demand vortex distributions and superfluid circulation in BECs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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