环格中强相互作用玻色子从量子到热的拓扑扇形涨落
From quantum to thermal topological-sector fluctuations of strongly interacting bosons in a ring lattice
摘要：
最近的实验的启发玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体在环陷阱，我们调查的拓扑性质的相位的一维玻色场的存在下，热和量子涨落-后者被调谐的深度的光晶格沿环。在晶格大量填充的情况下，量子蒙特卡罗模拟可以直接获得玻色场相位波动及其沿环的缠绕数$W$的完整统计数据。在零温下，两个晶格阱间的约瑟夫森链引起的量子相位滑移驱动了绕组数（或拓扑扇区）的涨落，并且发现它们的{磁化率}在超流-莫特绝缘体跃迁处发生跳跃.在有限（但低）的温度，另一方面，绕组数波动驱动的热激活的几乎均匀的相位扭曲，其激活率是由超流分数。因此，该系统表现出缠绕数波动中的量子-热交叉，其特征在于拓扑非平凡配置中的构象变化，从局部到均匀的相位扭曲，这可以通过物质波干涉在超冷玻色气体中实验观察到。
英文摘要：
Inspired by recent experiments on Bose-Einstein condensates in ring traps, we investigate the topological properties of the phase of a one-dimensional Bose field in the presence of both thermal and quantum fluctuations -- the latter ones being tuned by the depth of an optical lattice applied along the ring. In the regime of large filling of the lattice, quantum Monte Carlo simulations give direct access to the full statistics of fluctuations of the Bose-field phase, and of its winding number $W$ along the ring. At zero temperature the winding-number (or topological-sector) fluctuations are driven by quantum phase slips localized around a Josephson link between two lattice wells, and their { susceptibility} is found to jump at the superfluid-Mott insulator transition. At finite (but low) temperature, on the other hand, the winding number fluctuations are driven by thermal activation of nearly uniform phase twists, whose activation rate is governed by the superfluid fraction. A quantum-to-thermal crossover in winding number fluctuations is therefore exhibited by the system, and it is characterized by a conformational change in the topologically non-trivial configurations, from localized to uniform phase twists, which can be experimentally observed in ultracold Bose gases via matter-wave interference.
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