玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中持续流的动力学和能量稳定性
Dynamic and Energetic Stabilization of Persistent Currents in Bose-Einstein Condensates
摘要：
我们研究的条件下，在一个高度扁圆的谐波捕获玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）可以稳定由于钉扎的蓝色失谐高斯激光束，特别强调的潜在不稳定的影响，激光束定位在BEC内。我们的方法涉及的理论和数值探索的动态和能量稳定的钉扎的旋涡缠绕数高达$S=6$，与实验观察相一致。稳定的钉扎理论上通过Bogoliubov-de Gennes激发光谱计算和确认通过直接数值模拟的条件下，类似的实验观察范围。理论和数值计算结果表明，当激光束离开BEC中心时，超流绕激光束的钉扎缠绕数（或等效的缠绕数）衰减.我们的理论分析有助于解释以前的实验观察，并有助于确定稳定的涡旋钉扎的限制，为未来的实验涉及涡操纵激光束。
英文摘要：
We study conditions under which vortices in a highly oblate harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) can be stabilized due to pinning by a blue-detuned Gaussian laser beam, with particular emphasis on the potentially destabilizing effects of laser beam positioning within the BEC. Our approach involves theoretical and numerical exploration of dynamically and energetically stable pinning of vortices with winding number up to $S=6$, in correspondence with experimental observations. Stable pinning is quantified theoretically via Bogoliubov-de Gennes excitation spectrum computations and confirmed via direct numerical simulations for a range of conditions similar to those of experimental observations. The theoretical and numerical results indicate that the pinned winding number, or equivalently the winding number of the superfluid current about the laser beam, decays as a laser beam of fixed intensity moves away from the BEC center. Our theoretical analysis helps explain previous experimental observations, and helps define limits of stable vortex pinning for future experiments involving vortex manipulation by laser beams.
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