库珀三重态的可能凝聚
Possible condensation of Cooper triples
AI总结：
本文理论上探讨了三组分费米系统中库珀三重态的可能凝聚，提出变分波函数证明凝聚态能量上优于正常态，并讨论了晶格系统中费米面畸变的影响。
摘要：
我们从理论上讨论了在三组分费米系统中，具有三体吸引相互作用时，库珀三重态（即库珀对的三体版本）可能发生的凝聚。尽管三体算符表现出与费米-狄拉克统计相关的反对易关系，但在组成粒子的费米面存在的情况下，宏观数量的库珀三重态可以占据零质心动量态。这种具有内部自由度的凝聚类似于无限组分费米子系统中的玻色化。我们提出了一种用于凝聚库珀三重态的变分波函数，并表明在基态中，凝聚态在能量上优于正常态。此外，我们还讨论了由三组分Hubbard模型描述的晶格系统中费米面畸变的影响。
英文摘要：
We theoretically discuss the possible condensation of Cooper triples, which correspond to a three-body version of Cooper pairs, in three-component Fermi systems with three-body attractive interactions. A macroscopic number of Cooper triples can occupy a zero center-of-mass momentum state in the presence of a Fermi surface of constituent particles, even though the three-body operator exhibits anti-commutation relation associated with the Fermi-Dirac statistics. Such a condensation with internal degrees of freedom is similar to bosonization in a system of infinite-component fermions. We propose a variational wave function for condensed Cooper triples and show that in the ground state, the condensed state is energetically favored compared to the normal state. Also, we discuss effects of the Fermi-surface distortion in a lattice system described by a three-component Hubbard model.
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