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arXiv 1708.05093astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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SN 2010 jl前身星及其周围介质中已有热尘的约束条件

Constraints on the Progenitor of SN 2010jl and Pre-Existing Hot Dust in its Surrounding Medium

Eli Dwek, Richard G. Arendt, Ori D. Fox, Patrick L. Kelly, Nathan Smith, Schuyler D. Van Dyk, Alexei V. Filippenko, Jennifer Andrews, Isaac Shivvers

摘要:

利用{ \it Hubble}/WFPC 2和{ \it Spitzer}/IRAC拍摄的SN~ 2010 jl爆发前的图像,对SN~ 2010 jl的前身星--一颗异常明亮的IIn型核坍缩超新星--进行了搜寻,得到了任何候选恒星紫外和近红外(IR)通量的上限。这些上限限制了母星的光度和有效温度,周围星周介质(CSM)中任何先前存在的尘埃的质量,以及尘埃与恒星的接近程度。CSM尘埃质量的{ \it下限}需要隐藏发光的祖先,使其不被{ \it哈勃}探测到。CSM尘埃质量的{ \it上限}及其与恒星接近度的限制是通过要求吸收和再辐射的红外辐射不超过IRAC上限来设定的。使用组合的反射-红外辐射约束,我们提出了可行的$M_d-R_1$组合,其中$M_d$和$R_1$是CSM尘埃质量和它的内半径。这些取决于CSM的外半径,尘埃成分和粒度,以及祖先的属性。这些结果限制了超新星前身星的演化,以及SN~ 2010 jl观测到的爆炸后红外辐射的性质和起源。特别是,$η$ ~ Car型祖先将需要至少4兆的视觉消光,以避免被{ \it哈勃}探测到。这可以通过尘埃团$\gtrsim 10^{-3}$ ~ \msun \(小于估计的$η$ ~Car周围的0.2-0.5~ \msun \)来实现,这些尘埃团必须位于距离恒星$\gtrsim 10^{16}$ ~cm的位置,以避免被{ \it Spitzer}探测到。

英文摘要:

A search for the progenitor of SN~2010jl, an unusually luminous core-collapse supernova of Type~IIn, using pre-explosion {\it Hubble}/WFPC2 and {\it Spitzer}/IRAC images of the region, yielded upper limits on the UV and near-infrared (IR) fluxes from any candidate star. These upper limits constrain the luminosity and effective temperature of the progenitor, the mass of any preexisting dust in its surrounding circumstellar medium (CSM), and dust proximity to the star. A {\it lower} limit on the CSM dust mass is required to hide a luminous progenitor from detection by {\it Hubble}. {\it Upper} limits on the CSM dust mass and constraints on its proximity to the star are set by requiring that the absorbed and reradiated IR emission not exceed the IRAC upper limits. Using the combined extinction-IR emission constraints we present viable $M_d-R_1$ combinations, where $M_d$ and $R_1$ are the CSM dust mass and its inner radius. These depend on the CSM outer radius, dust composition and grain size, and the properties of the progenitor. The results constrain the pre-supernova evolution of the progenitor, and the nature and origin of the observed post-explosion IR emission from SN~2010jl. In particular, an $η$~Car-type progenitor will require at least 4~mag of visual extinction to avoid detection by the {\it Hubble}. This can be achieved with dust masses $\gtrsim 10^{-3}$~\msun\ (less than the estimated 0.2-0.5~\msun\ around $η$~Car) which must be located at distances of $\gtrsim 10^{16}$~cm from the star to avoid detection by {\it Spitzer}.

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