We study pointwise behavior of positive solutions to nonlinear integral equations, and related inequalities, of the type \begin{equation*} u(x) - \int_ΩG(x, y) \, g(u(y)) d σ(y) = h, \end{equation*} where $(Ω, σ)$ is a locally compact measure space, $G(x, y)\colon Ω\times Ω\to [0, +\infty]$ is a kernel, $h \ge 0$ is a measurable function, and $g\colon [0, \infty)\to [0, \infty)$ is a monotone function.
This problem is motivated by the semilinear fractional Laplace equation \begin{equation*} (-Δ)^{\fracα{2}} u - g(u) σ= μ\quad \text{in} \, \, Ω, \quad u=0 \, \, \, \text{in} \, \, Ω^c, \end{equation*} with measure coefficients $σ$, $μ$, where $g(u)=u^q$, $q \in \mathbb{R} \setminus\{0\}$, and $0<α<n$, in domains $Ω\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n$, or Riemannian manifolds, with positive Green's function $G$.
In this paper, extending previous results of \cite{J1}, we obtain pointwise nonlinear stability of periodic traveling reaction-diffusion waves, assuming spectral linearized stability, under nonlocalized perturbations. More precisely, we establish pointwise estimate of nonlocalized modulational perturbation under a small initial perturbation consisting of a nonlocalized modulation plus a localized perturbation decaying algebraically.
The purpose of this paper is three-fold: first, we survey on several known pointwise identities involving fractional operators; second, we propose a unified way to deal with those identities; third, we prove some new pointwise identities in different frameworks in particular geometric and infinite-dimensional ones.
We discuss pointwise behavior of weak supersolutions for a class of doubly nonlinear parabolic fractional $p$-Laplace equations which includes the fractional parabolic $p$-Laplace equation and the fractional porous medium equation. More precisely, we show that weak supersolutions have lower semicontinuous representative. We also prove that the semicontinuous representative at an instant of time is determined by the values at previous times. This gives a pointwise interpretation for a weak supersolution at every point. The corresponding results hold true also for weak subsolutions. Our results …
Pointwise arbitrarily high-order interior estimates for mixed local and nonlocal elliptic equations
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xinyang Normal University（信阳师范大学数学与统计学院）；School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology（华南理工大学数学学院）；School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University（复旦大学数学科学学院）
Small oscillations of an elastic system of point masses (particles) with a nonlocal interaction are considered. We study the asymptotic behavior of the system, when number of particles tends to infinity, and the distances between them and the forces of interaction tends to zero. The first term of the asymptotic is described by the homogenized system of equations, which is a nonlocal model of oscillations of elastic medium.
We show how nonlocal boundary conditions of Robin type can be encoded in the pointwise expression of the fractional operator. Notably, the fractional Laplacian of functions satisfying homogeneous nonlocal Neumann conditions can be expressed as a regional operator with a kernel having logarithmic behaviour at the boundary.
In this paper, we establish pointwise Schauder estimates for solutions of nonlocal fully nonlinear elliptic equations by perturbative arguments. A key ingredient is a recursive Evans-Krylov theorem for nonlocal fully nonlinear translation invariant equations.
In this paper, we prove the pointwise boundary differentiability for viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear elliptic equations. This generalizes the previous related results for linear equations. The geometrical conditions in this paper are pointwise and more general than before. Moreover, our proofs are relatively simple.
In this paper, we prove a boundary pointwise regularity for fully nonlinear elliptic equations on cones. In addition, based on this regularity, we give simple proofs of the Liouville theorems on cones.
We consider a one dimensional nonlocal transport equation and its natural multi-dimensional analogues. By using a new pointwise inequality for the Hilbert transform, we give a short proof of a nonlinear inequality first proved by Córdoba, Córdoba and Fontelos in 2005. We also prove several new weighted inequalities for the Hilbert transform and various nonlinear versions. Some of these results generalize to a related family of nonlocal models.
In this paper, we prove boundary pointwise $C^{k,α}$ regularity for any $k\geq 1$ for fully nonlinear parabolic equations. As an application, we give a direct and short proof of the higher regularity of the free boundaries in obstacle-type problems.
We study the existence of global-in-time solutions for a nonlinear heat equation with nonlocal diffusion, power nonlinearity and suitably small data (either compared pointwisely to the singular solution or in the norm of a critical Morrey space). Then, asymptotics of subcritical solutions is determined. These results are compared with conditions on the initial data leading to a finite time blowup.
In this paper we consider the pointwise convergence to the initial data for the Schrödinger-Dirac equation $i\tfrac{\partial u}{\partial t}=D^βu$ with $u(x,0)=u^0$ in a dyadic Besov space. Here $D^β$ denotes the fractional derivative of order $β$ associated to the dyadic distance $δ$ on $\mathbb{R}^+$. The main tools are a sumability formula for the kernel of $D^β$ and pointwise estimates of the corresponding maximal operator in terms of the dyadic Hardy-Littlewood function and the Calderón sharp maximal operator.
In this paper, we obtain the boundary pointwise $C^{1,α}$ and $C^{2,α}$ regularity for viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear elliptic equations. I.e., If $\partial Ω$ is $C^{1,α}$ (or $C^{2,α}$) at $x_0\in \partial Ω$, the solution is $C^{1,α}$ (or $C^{2,α}$) at $x_0$. Our results are new even for the Laplace equation. Moreover, our proofs are simple.
We prove global pointwise decay estimates for a class of defocusing semilinear wave equations in $n=3$ dimensions restricted to spherical symmetry. The technique is based on a conformal transformation and a suitable choice of the mapping adjusted to the nonlinearity. As a result we obtain a pointwise bound on the solutions for arbitrarily large Cauchy data, provided the solutions exist globally. The decay rates are identical with those for small data and hence seem to be optimal. A generalization beyond the spherical symmetry is suggested.
In this note we consider the pointwise convergence to the initial data for the solutions of some nonlocal dyadic Schrödinger equations on spaces of homogeneous type. We prove the a.e. convergence when the initial data belongs to a dyadic version of an $L^2$ based Besov space.
This second article in a two-part series (following [arXiv:2105.02865], listed here as \cite{L}) proves optimal pointwise decay rates for the quintic defocusing wave equation with large initial data on nonstationary spacetimes, and both the quintic defocusing and quintic focusing wave equations with small initial data on nonstationary spacetimes. We prove a weighted local energy decay estimate, and use local energy decay and Strichartz estimates on these variable-coefficient backgrounds. By using an iteration scheme, we obtain the optimal pointwise bounds. In addition, we explain how the itera…
A sharp pointwise differential inequality for vectorial second-order partial differential operators, with Uhlenbeck structure, is offered. As a consequence, optimal second-order regularity properties of solutions to nonlinear elliptic systems in domains in $\mathbb{R}^n$ are derived. Both local and global estimates are established. Minimal assumptions on the boundary of the domain are required for the latter. In the special case of the $p$-Laplace system, our conclusions broaden the range of the admissible values of the exponent $p$ previously known.
We give pointwise gradient bounds for solutions of (possibly non-uniformly) elliptic partial differential equations in the entire Euclidean space. The operator taken into account is very general and comprises also the singular and degenerate nonlinear case with non-standard growth conditions. The sourcing term is also allowed to have a very general form, depending on the space variables, on the solution itself, on its gradient, and possibly on higher order derivatives if additional structural conditions are satisfied.
We study the behavior for $t$ small and positive of $C^{2,1}$ nonnegative solutions $u(x,t)$ and $v(x,t)$ of the system \[0\leq u_t-Δu\leq v^λ\] \[0\leq v_t-Δv\leq u^σ\] in $Ω\times (0,1)$, where $λ$ and $σ$ are nonnegative constants and $Ω$ is an open subset of ${\mathbb R}^n$, $n\ge 1$. We provide optimal conditions on $λ$ and $σ$ such that solutions of this system satisfy pointwise bounds in compact subsets of $Ω$ as $t\to 0^+$. Our approach relies on new pointwise bounds for nonlinear heat potentials which are the parabolic analog of similar bounds for nonlinear Riesz potentials.
We consider mixed local and nonlocal quasilinear parabolic equations of $p$-Laplace type and discuss several regularity properties of weak solutions for such equations. More precisely, we establish local boundeness of weak subsolutions, lower semicontinuity of weak supersolutions as well as upper semicontinuity of weak subsolutions. We also discuss the pointwise behavior of the semicontinuous representatives. Our main results are valid for sign changing solutions. Our approach is purely analytic and is based on energy estimates and the De Giorgi theory.
In this paper we consider initial boundary value problem for nonlinear nonlocal parabolic equation with absorption under nonlinear nonlocal boundary condition and nonnegative initial datum. We prove comparison principle, global existence and blow-up of solutions.
We investigate existence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of nonlinear nonlocal problems involving the fractional $p$-Laplacian operator and singular nonlinearities.
We investigate nonnegative solutions $u(x,t)$ and $v(x,t)$ of the nonlinear system of inequalities \[0\leq(\partial_t -Δ)^αu\leq v^λ\] \[ 0\leq (\partial_t -Δ)^βv\leq u^σ\] in $\mathbb{R}^n \times\mathbb{R}$, $n\geq 1$, satisfying the initial conditions \[ u=v=0\quad\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^n \times(-\infty,0) \] where $λ,σ,α$, and $β$ are positive constants. Specifically, using the definition of the fractional heat operator $(\partial_t-Δ)^α$ given in \cite{T}, we obtain, when they exist, optimal pointwise upper bounds on $\mathbb{R}^n \times(0,\infty)$ for nonnegative solutions $u$ and $v$ of t…
We study the behavior near the origin of $C^2$ positive solutions $u(x)$ and $v(x)$ of the system $0\leq -Δu\leq f(v)$ $0\leq -Δv\leq g(u)$ in $B_1(0)\backslash\{0\}$ where $f,g:(0,\infty)\to (0,\infty)$ are continuous functions. We provide optimal conditions on $f$ and $g$ at $\infty$ such that solutions of this system satisfy pointwise bounds near the origin. In dimension $n=2$ we show that this property holds if $\log^+ f$ or $\log^+g$ grow at most linearly at infinity. In dimension $n\geq 3$ and under the assumption $f(t)=O(t^λ)$, $g(t)=O(t^σ)$ as $t\to \infty$, ($λ, σ\geq 0$), we obtain a…
In this paper we investigate the existence of ground states and dual ground states for Maxwell's Equations in $\mathbb{R}^3$ in nonlocal nonlinear metamaterials. We prove that several nonlocal models admit ground states in contrast to their local analogues.
This paper is concerned with interior regularity of viscosity solutions of non-translation invariant nonlocal fully nonlinear equations with Dini continuous terms. We obtain $C^σ$ regularity estimates for the nonlocal equations by perturbative methods and a version of a recursive Evans-Krylov theorem.
By means of variational methods we establish existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of nonlinear nonlocal problems involving the fractional p-Laplacian and a combined Sobolev and Hardy nonlinearity at subcritical and critical growth.
We establish Harnack's estimates for positive weak solutions to a mixed local and nonlocal doubly nonlinear parabolic equation. All results presented in this paper are provided together with quantitative estimates.
We give an application of the Crandall-Rabinowitz theorem on local bifurcation to a system of nonlinear parabolic equations with nonlocal reaction and cross-diffusion terms as well as nonlocal initial conditions. The system arises as steady-state equations of two interacting age-structured populations.
We investigate pointwise upper bounds for nonnegative solutions $u(x,t)$ of the nonlinear initial value problem \begin{equation}\label{0.1} 0\leq(\partial_t-Δ)^αu\leq u^λ\quad\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^n \times\mathbb{R},\,n\geq1, \end{equation} \begin{equation}\label{0.2} u=0\quad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^n\times(-\infty,0) \end{equation} where $λ$ and $α$ are positive constants. To do this we first give a definition---tailored for our study of this problem---of fractional powers of the heat operator $(\partial_t-Δ)^α:Y\to X$ where $X$ and $Y$ are linear spaces whose elements are real valued functions …
We consider the initial value problem for the semilinear plate equation with nonlocal nonlinearity. We prove the existence of global attractor and then establish the regularity and finite dimensionality of this attractor.
We consider Cauchy problem for the semilinear plate equation with nonlocal nonlinearity. Under mild conditions on the damping coefficient, we prove that the semigroup generated by this problem possesses a global attractor.
In this article, we study the local existence of solutions for a wave equation with a nonlocal in time nonlinearity. Moreover, a blow-up results are proved under some conditions on the dimensional space, the initial data and the nonlinear forcing term.
Blowup analysis for solutions of a general evolution equation with nonlocal diffusion and localized source is performed. By comparison with recent results on global-in-time solutions, a dichotomy result is obtained.
In the previous paper \cite{J1}, we established pointwise bounds for the Green function of the linearized equation associated with spatially periodic traveling waves $\bar u$ of a system of reaction diffusion equations, and also obtained pointwise nonlinear stability and behavior of $\bar u$ under small perturbations. In this paper, using periodic resolvent kernels and the Bloch-decomposition, we establish pointwise bounds for the Green function of the linearized equation associated with periodic standing waves $\bar u$ of a system of conservation laws. We also show pointwise nonlinear stabili…
In this paper we prove the existence of smooth solutions to fully nonlinear and nonlocal parabolic equations with critical index. The proof relies on the apriori Hölder estimate for advection fractional-diffusion equation established by Silvestre \cite{Si2}.
In this paper we consider an initial boundary value problem for a semilinear parabolic equation with nonlinear nonlocal boundary condition. We prove comparison principle, the existence theorem of a local solution and study the problem of uniqueness and nonuniqueness
For a class of singular divergence type quasi-linear parabolic equations with a Radon measure on the right hand side we derive pointwise estimates for solutions via the nonlinear Wolff potentials.
The current paper is concerned with pointwise persistence in full chemotaxis models with local as well as nonlocal time and space dependent logistic source in bounded domains. We first prove the global existence and boundedness of nonnegative classical solutions under some conditions on the coefficients in the models. Next, under the same conditions on the coefficients, we show that pointwise { persistence} occurs, that is, any globally defined positive solution is bounded below by a positive constant independent of its initial condition when the time is large enough. It should be pointed out …
