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arXiv 1707.02771cond-mat.mes-hall
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金属/铁磁双层膜中面内电流感生自旋力矩理论

Theory of in-plane current induced spin torque in metal/ferromagnet bilayers

Kohei Sakanashi, Manfred Sigrist, Wei Chen

摘要:

使用半经典的方法,同时结合自旋霍尔效应(SHE),自旋扩散,量子阱状态,和界面自旋轨道耦合(SOC),我们解决这些机制的相互作用的起源,在正常的金属/铁磁金属双层薄膜中观察到的面内电流诱导的自旋扭矩。针对双层膜中铁磁体的厚度远小于自旋扩散长度的情况,如厚度为$\sim 10$ nm的Pt/Co双层膜,我们的方法同时考虑了自旋转移矩(SHE-STT)和自旋轨道矩(SOT)对自旋矩的两种贡献,即自旋转移矩(SHE-STT)是由于自旋电子自旋注入引起的,而自旋轨道矩(SOT)是由于自旋电子自旋累积引起的. SOC在界面处产生有效磁场,因此其修改了SHE-STT预期的角动量守恒。SHE诱导的自旋电压和界面自旋电流是相互依赖的,因此以自洽的方式求解。此外,由量子阱态介导的自旋输运可能是实验观察到的自旋扭矩相对于铁磁体的厚度的快速变化的原因。

英文摘要:

Using a semiclassical approach that simultaneously incorporates the spin Hall effect (SHE), spin diffusion, quantum well states, and interface spin-orbit coupling (SOC), we address the interplay of these mechanisms as the origin of the in-plane current induced spin torque observed in the normal metal/ferromagnetic metal bilayer thin films. Focusing on the bilayers with a ferromagnet much thinner than its spin diffusion length, such as Pt/Co with $\sim 10$nm thickness, our approach addresses simultaneously the two contributions to the spin torque, namely the spin-transfer torque (SHE-STT) due to SHE induced spin injection, and the spin-orbit torque (SOT) due to SOC induced spin accumulation. The SOC produces an effective magnetic field at the interface, hence it modifies the angular momentum conservation expected for the SHE-STT. The SHE induced spin voltage and the interface spin current are mutually dependent, hence are solved in a self-consistent manner. In addition, the spin transport mediated by the quantum well states may be responsible for the experimentally observed rapid variation of the spin torque with respect to the thickness of the ferromagnet.

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