arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1706.09427astro-ph.EP
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来自自发光系外行星的偏振散射光。ARTES三维散射辐射转移

Polarized scattered light from self-luminous exoplanets. Three-dimensional scattering radiative transfer with ARTES

Tomas Stolker, Michiel Min, Daphne M. Stam, Paul Mollière, Carsten Dominik, Rens Waters

摘要:

直接成像为年轻和自发光气体巨星的大气特征铺平了道路。在水平不均匀大气中的散射导致热辐射的盘集成偏振被线性偏振,可能用最新一代的高对比度成像仪器检测到。我们的目的是调查的纬度和经度的云变化,环行磁盘,大气扁率,云粒子的属性上的综合程度和偏振方向在近红外的效果。我们开发了一个三维蒙特卡罗辐射转移程序(ARTES),用于(exo)行星大气的散射光模拟。该代码适用于计算反射光和热辐射在一个球形网格与参数化分布的气体,云,霾,和环行星际物质。水平非均匀大气的圆盘积分偏振度在行星变平时最大,赤道云的光学厚度比极地云大,并且云位于高空。对于扁平行星,积分偏振相对于球形行星既可以增加也可以减少,这取决于云的水平分布和光学厚度。当云呈带状分布时,偏振方向可以平行于旋转轴的投影方向,也可以垂直于旋转轴的投影方向。由亚微米尺寸的云颗粒的瑞利散射将使偏振信号最大化,而作为前向散射的结果,对于微米尺寸的云颗粒,偏振的积分程度显著降低。冷或热的环行星盘的存在也可能产生可检测的偏振度($\lesssim$ 1%),即使大气层中有均匀的云层。

英文摘要:

Direct imaging has paved the way for atmospheric characterization of young and self-luminous gas giants. Scattering in a horizontally-inhomogeneous atmosphere causes the disk-integrated polarization of the thermal radiation to be linearly polarized, possibly detectable with the newest generation of high-contrast imaging instruments. We aim to investigate the effect of latitudinal and longitudinal cloud variations, circumplanetary disks, atmospheric oblateness, and cloud particle properties on the integrated degree and direction of polarization in the near-infrared. We have developed a three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code (ARTES) for scattered light simulations in (exo)planetary atmospheres. The code is applicable to calculations of reflected light and thermal radiation in a spherical grid with a parameterized distribution of gas, clouds, hazes, and circumplanetary material. The disk-integrated degree of polarization of a horizontally-inhomogeneous atmosphere is maximal when the planet is flattened, the optical thickness of the equatorial clouds is large compared to the polar clouds, and the clouds are located at high altitude. For a flattened planet, the integrated polarization can both increase or decrease with respect to a spherical planet which depends on the horizontal distribution and optical thickness of the clouds. The direction of polarization can be either parallel or perpendicular to the projected direction of the rotation axis when clouds are zonally distributed. Rayleigh scattering by submicron-sized cloud particles will maximize the polarimetric signal whereas the integrated degree of polarization is significantly reduced with micron-sized cloud particles as a result of forward scattering. The presence of a cold or hot circumplanetary disk may also produce a detectable degree of polarization ($\lesssim$1%) even with a uniform cloud layer in the atmosphere.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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