冷碎片回收是2020年代的战略目标
Cold Debris Disks as Strategic Targets for the 2020s
摘要：
冷碎片盘（T $<$ 200 K）类似于太阳系柯伊伯带中的尘埃-尘埃是由行星、太阳和当地星际介质扰动的小天体蒸发和碰撞产生的。来自碎片盘的散射光既是看不见的行星的路标，也是直接成像类地行星的污染源，但这些盘的许多细节知之甚少。我们为附近碎片盘的研究制定了一个关键的观测路径，重点是定义散射光和磁盘热发射之间的经验关系，探测碎片盘的动力学和特性，并直接确定行星对磁盘的影响。我们赞同国家科学院关于系外行星科学战略和天体生物学战略的报告中发表的研究结果和建议，以寻找宇宙中的生命。这份白皮书扩展和补充了其中的材料，重点关注附近恒星周围的碎片盘。正在提交关于碎片盘内部温暖区域的单独补充文件（Mennesson等人），碎片盘演变模型（Gaspar等人），粉尘性质的研究（Chen等人），和来自盘的热发射（Su等人）。
英文摘要：
Cold debris disks (T$<$200 K) are analogues to the dust in the Solar System's Kuiper belt--dust generated from the evaporation and collision of minor bodies perturbed by planets, our Sun, and the local interstellar medium. Scattered light from debris disks acts as both a signpost for unseen planets as well as a source of contamination for directly imaging terrestrial planets, but many details of these disks are poorly understood. We lay out a critical observational path for the study of nearby debris disks that focuses on defining an empirical relationship between scattered light and thermal emission from a disk, probing the dynamics and properties of debris disks, and directly determining the influence of planets on disks. We endorse the findings and recommendations published in the National Academy reports on Exoplanet Science Strategy and Astrobiology Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe. This white paper extends and complements the material presented therein with a focus on debris disks around nearby stars. Separate complementary papers are being submitted regarding the inner warm regions of debris disks (Mennesson et al.), the modeling of debris disk evolution (Gaspar et al.), studies of dust properties (Chen et al.), and thermal emission from disks (Su et al.).
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