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arXiv 1705.04733astro-ph.HE
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脉冲星自旋下降率统计探测超低频引力波新方法的灵敏度

Sensitivity of new detection method for ultra-low frequency gravitational waves with pulsar spin-down rate statistics

Naoyuki Yonemaru, Hiroki Kumamoto, Keitaro Takahashi, Sachiko Kuroyanagi

摘要:

Yonemaru et al.(2016)提出了一种新的超低频引力波(GW)探测方法,其频率远低于脉冲星定时阵列(PTA)的观测范围。在PTA分析中,超低频GWs($\lesssim 10^{-10}$ Hz)在观测时间跨度内线性演化,被脉冲星自旋下降速率吸收,因为两者对脉冲到达时间具有相同的影响。因此,这样的GW不能通过传统的PTA方法检测到。然而,观测到的自旋下降率的偏差取决于脉冲星和GW源的相对方向,并显示在天空中的四极图案。因此,如果我们根据在天空中的位置来划分恒星,并观察自旋下降速率的统计差异,则可以检测到来自单个源的超低频GW。在本文中,我们评估的潜力,这种方法的蒙特卡罗模拟和估计的灵敏度,只考虑“地球项”,而“脉冲星项”的行为就像GW频率$10^{-13}-10^{-10}$ Hz的随机噪声。我们发现,与3,000毫秒的射电星,这是预计将发现的未来调查与平方公里阵列,GW的振幅的导数约为$3 \times 10^{-19}~\rm{s}^{-1}$原则上可以检测到。最后给出了Sgr ${}^*$和M87中可能存在的超大质量双星黑洞的意义。

英文摘要:

A new detection method for ultra-low frequency gravitational waves (GWs) with a frequency much lower than the observational range of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) was suggested in Yonemaru et al. (2016). In the PTA analysis, ultra-low frequency GWs ($\lesssim 10^{-10}$ Hz) which evolve just linearly during the observation time span are absorbed by the pulsar spin-down rates since both have the same effect on the pulse arrival time. Therefore, such GWs cannot be detected by the conventional method of PTAs. However, the bias on the observed spin-down rates depends on relative direction of a pulsar and GW source and shows a quadrupole pattern in the sky. Thus, if we divide the pulsars according to the position in the sky and see the difference in the statistics of the spin-down rates, ultra-low frequency GWs from a single source can be detected. In this paper, we evaluate the potential of this method by Monte-Carlo simulations and estimate the sensitivity, considering only the "Earth term" while the "pulsar term" acts like random noise for GW frequencies $10^{-13}-10^{-10}$ Hz. We find that with 3,000 milli-second pulsars, which are expected to be discovered by a future survey with the Square Kilometre Array, GWs with the derivative of amplitude of about $3 \times 10^{-19}~\rm{s}^{-1}$ can in principle be detected. Implications for possible supermassive binary black holes in Sgr${}^*$ and M87 are also given.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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