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arXiv 1708.09459astro-ph.HE
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脉冲星自旋下降:PSR J0537-6910的毛刺主导旋转

Pulsar spin-down: the glitch-dominated rotation of PSR J0537-6910

D. Antonopoulou, C. M. Espinoza, L. Kuiper, N. Andersson

摘要:

年轻、快速旋转的X射线脉冲星J0537 - 6910显示出极端的故障活动,每100天就会有大的自旋中断其减速旋转。我们提出了近13年的时间从这个脉冲星的数据,获得与{\it罗西X射线定时探测器}。我们发现了22个新的故障,并对完整数据跨度中检测到的所有45个故障进行了一致的分析。我们的研究结果证实了先前报道的毛刺自旋大小和下一个毛刺的时间之间的强相关性,这种关系到目前为止还没有在任何其他脉冲星中观察到。自旋演变主要受毛刺和毛刺后恢复的影响,毛刺以每年约3.5次的速度发生,毛刺后恢复在整个毛刺间间隔中占主导地位。这种独特的行为提供了宝贵的见解的物理故障。观测结果可以用一个多组分模型来解释,该模型解释了中子星地壳和内核中中子超流体的动力学。我们限制了导致自旋上升的部分的转动惯量,并忽略了差异旋转,限制了它与地壳的速度差。相反,它的快速下降之间的毛刺,自旋下降率增加了13年,我们发现长期制动指数$n_{\rm l}=-1.22(4)$,唯一的负制动指数看到一个年轻的脉冲星。我们简要地讨论了这一结果的合理解释,这是在形成鲜明对比的脉冲星自旋下降的标准模型的预测。

英文摘要:

The young, fast-spinning, X-ray pulsar J0537-6910 displays an extreme glitch activity, with large spin-ups interrupting its decelerating rotation every ~100 days. We present nearly 13 years of timing data from this pulsar, obtained with the {\it Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer}. We discovered 22 new glitches and performed a consistent analysis of all 45 glitches detected in the complete data span. Our results corroborate the previously reported strong correlation between glitch spin-up size and the time to the next glitch, a relation that has not been observed so far in any other pulsar. The spin evolution is dominated by the glitches, which occur at a rate ~3.5 per year, and the post-glitch recoveries, which prevail the entire inter-glitch intervals. This distinctive behaviour provides invaluable insights into the physics of glitches. The observations can be explained with a multi-component model which accounts for the dynamics of the neutron superfluid present in the crust and core of neutron stars. We place limits on the moment of inertia of the component responsible for the spin-up and, ignoring differential rotation, the velocity difference it can sustain with the crust. Contrary to its rapid decrease between glitches, the spin-down rate increased over the 13 years, and we find the long-term braking index $n_{\rm l}=-1.22(4)$, the only negative braking index seen in a young pulsar. We briefly discuss the plausible interpretations of this result, which is in stark contrast to the predictions of standard models of pulsar spin-down.

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