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arXiv 1702.07699cond-mat.stat-mechphysics.bio-ph
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热力学测不准关系的瞬时推广

Finite-time generalization of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation

Patrick Pietzonka, Felix Ritort, Udo Seifert

摘要:

对于非平衡稳态的波动电流,最近发现的热力学不确定性关系表示它们的方差和与驱动相关的整体熵成本之间的基本关系。我们发现,这种关系不仅适用于波动的长时间限制,如大偏差理论所描述的,而且还适用于任意有限时间尺度上的波动。这种推广有利于将热力学不确定性关系应用于单分子实验,因为无限的时间尺度是不可访问的。重要的是,通常这种关系的有限时间变体允许推断熵产生的界限,甚至比从长时间极限获得的界限更强。我们说明的波动工作,是由一个随机开关激光镊子上被困的胶体粒子进行的关系。

英文摘要:

For fluctuating currents in non-equilibrium steady states, the recently discovered thermodynamic uncertainty relation expresses a fundamental relation between their variance and the overall entropic cost associated with the driving. We show that this relation holds not only for the long-time limit of fluctuations, as described by large deviation theory, but also for fluctuations on arbitrary finite time scales. This generalization facilitates applying the thermodynamic uncertainty relation to single molecule experiments, for which infinite timescales are not accessible. Importantly, often this finite-time variant of the relation allows inferring a bound on the entropy production that is even stronger than the one obtained from the long-time limit. We illustrate the relation for the fluctuating work that is performed by a stochastically switching laser tweezer on a trapped colloidal particle.

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