时间反演对称性破缺系统的滞后热力学测不准关系
Hysteretic thermodynamic uncertainty relation for systems with broken time-reversal symmetry
摘要：
热力学不确定性关系给出了介观系统中耗散量的下限。通过考虑电流滞后的波动--时间正向和时间反转过程中的电流之和--我们将这种关系扩展到具有破缺的时间反转对称性的系统，无论是由于奇状态变量、奇驱动场的存在，还是由于明确的时间相关驱动，即时间反转不对称。我们说明了我们的预测稀释，弱相互作用的气体驱动的平衡的缓慢压缩的活塞和弹道多端导体与外部磁场。
英文摘要：
The thermodynamic uncertainty relation gives a lower bound on the amount of dissipation in a mesoscopic system. By considering the fluctuations in the hysteresis of the current -- the sum of the currents in the time-forward and time-reversed processes -- we extend this relation to systems with broken time-reversal symmetry, either due to the presence of odd state variables, odd driving field or due to explicit time-dependent driving that is time-reversal asymmetric. We illustrate our predictions on a dilute, weakly-interacting gas driven out of equilibrium by the slow compression of a piston and on a ballistic multi-terminal conductor with an external magnetic field.
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