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arXiv 2005.02312cond-mat.stat-mech
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时变驱动的热力学不确定性关系

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for time-dependent driving

Timur Koyuk, Udo Seifert

摘要:

热力学的不确定性关系产生一个下限熵生产的平均值和波动的电流。我们推导出它们的一般形式下的系统任意依赖于时间的驱动从任意的初始状态和扩展这些关系超越电流的状态变量。讨论了各种类型的可观测的相互作用对胶体粒子在移动的激光陷阱和一个小蛋白质的动态展开的约束的质量。由于用于评估这些界限的输入不需要系统的特定知识或其与时间相关控制的耦合,因此它们应该成为时间相关驱动系统中热力学推断的广泛适用的工具。

英文摘要:

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations yield a lower bound on entropy production in terms of the mean and fluctuations of a current. We derive their general form for systems under arbitrary time-dependent driving from arbitrary initial states and extend these relations beyond currents to state variables. The quality of the bound is discussed for various types of observables for an interacting pair of colloidal particles in a moving laser trap and for the dynamical unfolding of a small protein. Since the input for evaluating these bounds does not require specific knowledge of the system or its coupling to the time-dependent control, they should become widely applicable tools for thermodynamic inference in time-dependently driven systems.

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