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arXiv 1702.07598math-phastro-ph.GAgr-qchep-thmath.MP
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物理学中的Dirac-Bergmann约束:奇异拉格朗日、哈密顿约束和第二Noether定理

Dirac-Bergmann Constraints in Physics: Singular Lagrangians, Hamiltonian Constraints and the Second Noether Theorem

Luca Lusanna

摘要:

本文综述了由奇异拉氏量描述的系统的主要数学性质,并在哈密顿量水平上要求Dirac-Bergmann约束理论。讨论了Euler-Lagrange方程中Hessian矩阵的秩和特征值与第一类和第二类约束链的关系,第二Noether定理的Noether恒等式与Hamilton约束的关系,第二Noether定理的Noether恒等式与Hamilton约束的关系,第三Noether定理的Noether恒等式与Hamilton约束的关系,第四Noether定理的Noether恒等式与Hamilton约束的关系。iii)Shanmugadhasan正则变换用于规范变量的识别和Dirac观测量的搜索,即在哈密顿规范变换下不变的量。为将来的一本书的一章写一篇评论文章。

英文摘要:

There is a review of the main mathematical properties of system described by singular Lagrangians and requiring Dirac-Bergmann theory of constraints at the Hamiltonian level. The following aspects are discussed: i) the connection of the rank and eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix in the Euler-Lagrange equations with the chains of first and second class constraints; ii) the connection of the Noether identities of the second Noether theorem with the Hamiltonian constraints; iii) the Shanmugadhasan canonical transformation for the identification of the gauge variables and for the search of the Dirac observables, i.e. the quantities invariant under Hamiltonian gauge transformations. Review paper for a chapter of a future book.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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