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arXiv 1702.07012physics.soc-ph
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人群中的集体现象--行人动力学需要社会心理学

Collective phenomena in crowds - where pedestrian dynamics need social psychology

Anna Sieben, Jette Schumann, Armin Seyfried

摘要:

这篇文章是关于聚集和分散阶段的行人动力学中的集体现象。迄今为止,行人动力学主要在自然科学和工程科学中进行研究。行人被分析和模拟为驱动粒子揭示自组织现象和复杂的运输特性。然而,人群中的行人也根据刺激-反应机制作为生物或根据社会规范、社会身份或策略作为人类主体。为了说明行人动力学除了自然科学之外还需要社会心理学,我们提出了三个类别的应用:现象,行为和行动。它们允许在自然科学的极小模型适用的情况和需要社会学和心理学概念的情况之间进行明确的区分。为了证明这个框架的必要性,一个实验中,一大群人(n=270)进入音乐厅通过两个不同的空间障碍结构进行了分析。这两个结构对应于日常情况,如登上火车和出入境柜台。应用自然科学和社会科学的方法。首先,物理测量显示了空间结构对入口过程动力学的影响。人口密度、等待时间和进展速度都有很大的差异。其次,问卷调查(n=60)揭示了人们如何看待和评价这些入口的情况。显著不同的期望,社会规范和策略与这两种空间结构。问卷调查的结果并不总是符合客观的物理措施,表明模型的局限性,这是基于客观的物理措施,忽视了主观的角度。

英文摘要:

This article is on collective phenomena in pedestrian dynamics during the assembling and dispersal phases of gatherings. To date pedestrian dynamics have been primarily studied in the natural and engineering sciences. Pedestrians are analyzed and modeled as driven particles revealing self-organizing phenomena and complex transport characteristics. However, pedestrians in crowds also behave as living beings according to stimulus-response mechanisms or act as human subjects on the basis of social norms, social identities or strategies. To show where pedestrian dynamics need social psychology in addition to the natural sciences we propose the application of three categories: phenomena, behavior and action. They permit a clear discrimination between situations in which minimal models from the natural sciences are appropriate and those in which sociological and psychological concepts are needed. To demonstrate the necessity of this framework, an experiment in which a large group of people (n=270) enters a concert hall through two different spatial barrier structures is analyzed. These two structures correspond to everyday situations such as boarding trains and access to immigration desks. Methods from the natural and social sciences are applied. Firstly, physical measurements show the influence of the spatial structure on the dynamics of the entrance procedure. Density, waiting time and speed of progress show large variations. Secondly, a questionnaire study (n=60) reveals how people perceive and evaluate these entrance situations. Markedly different expectations, social norms and strategies are associated with the two spatial structures. The results from the questionnaire study do not always conform to objective physical measures, indicating the limitations of models which are based on objective physical measures alone and which neglect subjective perspectives.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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