从物理学和社会心理学角度看入口瓶颈前的人群
Crowds in front of bottlenecks at entrances from the perspective of physics and social psychology
摘要：
本文通过一系列的瓶颈实验，对群体动力学的生理和社会心理效应进行了跨学科的研究。瓶颈对于人群管理和紧急路线设计等应用特别感兴趣，因为它们限制了设施的性能。除了以前的工作在瓶颈内的动态，本研究的重点是在瓶颈的前面，更具体地说，在入口处的动态。实验装置模拟了一个入口场景的音乐会组成的入口门（作为瓶颈）和走廊形成的障碍。研究的参数是走廊宽度，程度的动机和启动的社会规范排队。分析是基于头部轨迹和问卷调查。我们表明，每平方米的人口密度取决于动机，也不断增加，增加走廊宽度的意思是，密度降低可以通过减少空间。与观察到的其他走廊宽度相比，西北走廊被评为更公平，更舒适，表现出更少的不公平行为。推挤行为被认为是矛盾的：它被认为是不公平的，并被列为更快访问的策略。
英文摘要：
This article presents an interdisciplinary study of physical and social psychological effects on crowd dynamics based on a series of bottleneck experiments. Bottlenecks are of particular interest for applications such as crowd management and design of emergency routes because they limit the performance of a facility. In addition to previous work on the dynamics within the bottleneck, this study focuses on the dynamics in front of the bottleneck, more specifically, at entrances. The experimental setup simulates an entrance scenario to a concert consisting of an entrance gate (serving as bottleneck) and a corridor formed by barriers. The parameters examined are the corridor width, degree of motivation and priming of the social norm of queuing. The analysis is based on head trajectories and questionnaires. We show that the density of persons per square metre depends on motivation and also increases continuously with increasing corridor width meaning that a density reduction can be achieved by a reduction of space. In comparison to other corridor widths observed, the narrowest corridor is rated as being fairer, more comfortable and as showing less unfair behaviour. Pushing behaviour is seen as ambivalent: it is rated as unfair and listed as a strategy for faster access.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
