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arXiv 0908.3131physics.soc-phphysics.bio-ph
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人类群体自组织行为机制的实验研究

Experimental study of the behavioural mechanisms underlying self-organization in human crowds

Mehdi Moussaid, Dirk Helbing, Simon Garnier, Anders Johansson, Maud Combe, Guy Theraulaz

摘要:

在动物社会和人类群体中,许多观察到的集体行为是基于个体之间局部互动的自组织过程的结果。然而,群体动力学的模型仍然缺乏系统的个人层面的实验验证,并形成集体模式的本地机制尚未详细了解。我们已经进行了一组控制良好的实验,行人执行简单的回避任务,以确定他们的行为在相互作用的法律。对大型轨迹数据集的分析用于计算行为地图,该行为地图描述了行人在各种交互距离和角度下的方向和速度的平均变化。实验结果揭示了行人选择回避一侧时的决策过程的特征,并显示出通过相互作用而放大的一侧偏好。基于上述研究结果的二元交互模型的预测,然后进行比较,在拥挤的街道上记录的双向人流。模拟产生两个不对称的车道与相反的运动方向,在定量协议与我们的经验观察。行人行为规律的知识是理解人群行为的潜在动力学的重要一步,并允许在自然条件下可靠地预测集体行人运动。

英文摘要:

In animal societies as well as in human crowds, many observed collective behaviours result from self-organized processes based on local interactions among individuals. However, models of crowd dynamics are still lacking a systematic individual-level experimental verification, and the local mechanisms underlying the formation of collective patterns are not yet known in detail. We have conducted a set of well-controlled experiments with pedestrians performing simple avoidance tasks in order to determine the laws ruling their behaviour during interactions. The analysis of the large trajectory dataset was used to compute a behavioural map that describes the average change of the direction and speed of a pedestrian for various interaction distances and angles. The experimental results reveal features of the decision process when pedestrians choose the side on which they evade, and show a side preference that is amplified by mutual interactions. The predictions of a binary interaction model based on the above findings were then compared to bidirectional flows of people recorded in a crowded street. Simulations generate two asymmetric lanes with opposite directions of motion, in quantitative agreement with our empirical observations. The knowledge of pedestrian behavioural laws is an important step ahead in the understanding of the underlying dynamics of crowd behaviour and allows for reliable predictions of collective pedestrian movements under natural conditions.

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