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arXiv 1701.06124math.RAmath.AC
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一类微分算子核的Radical及其在局部代数导子中的应用

The Radical of the Kernel of a Certain Differential Operator and Applications to Locally Algebraic Derivations

Wenhua Zhao

摘要:

设$R$是交换环,$\mathcal A$是$R$ -代数(不一定是交换的),$V$是$\mathcal A$的$R$ -子空间或$R$ -子模.通过$V$的根,我们表示所有元素$a\in \mathcal A$的集合,使得对于所有$m\gg 0$有$a^m\in V$。我们推导给出了某些(偏)微分算子(如交换代数的所有微分算子)的核的根中元素所满足的必要条件;微分算子$P(D)$(非交换的)具有某些条件的$\mathcal A$,其中$P(\cdot)$是$n$交换自由变量的多项式,并且$D=(D_1, D_2, \dots, D_n)$是交换局部有限的$R$。衍生物或交换$R$ -衍生物的$\mathcal A$,使每个$1\le i\le n$,$\mathcal A$可以分解为一个直接和的广义特征子空间的$D_i$等,特别是,我们表明,核心的某些微分算子的$\mathcal A$是一个马蒂厄子空间(见\cite{GIC, MS})的$\mathcal A$。然后我们应用上面的一些结果研究了$\mathcal A$的$R$ -导子,它们是$R$上的局部代数的或局部积分的.特别是,我们表明,如果$R$是一个整数域的特征零和$\mathcal A$减少和扭转自由的$R$ -模块,然后$\mathcal A$有没有非零的局部代数$R$ -导子。给出了交换代数$\mathcal A$上的Vandemonde矩阵的行列式公式。这个公式不仅提供了$\mathcal A$的所有常微分算子的核的根中元素的一些信息,而且它本身也是有趣的。

英文摘要:

Let $R$ be a commutative ring, $\mathcal A$ an $R$-algebra (not necessarily commutative) and $V$ an $R$-subspace or $R$-submodule of $\mathcal A$. By the radical of $V$ we mean the set of all elements $a\in \mathcal A$ such that $a^m\in V$ for all $m\gg 0$. We derive (and show) some necessary conditions satisfied by the elements in the radicals of the kernel of some (partial) differential operators, such as all differential operators of commutative algebras; the differential operators $P(D)$ of (noncommutative) $\mathcal A$ with certain conditions, where $P(\cdot)$ is a polynomial in $n$ commutative free variables and $D=(D_1, D_2, \dots, D_n)$ are either commuting locally finite $R$-derivations or commuting $R$-derivations of $\mathcal A$ such that for each $1\le i\le n$, $\mathcal A$ can be decomposed as a direct sum of the generalized eigen-subspaces of $D_i$; etc. In particular, we show that the kernel of certain differential operators of $\mathcal A$ is a Mathieu subspace (see \cite{GIC, MS}) of $\mathcal A$. We then apply some results above to study $R$-derivations of $\mathcal A$, which are locally algebraic or locally integral over $R$. In particular, we show that if $R$ is an integral domain of characteristic zero and $\mathcal A$ is reduced and torsion-free as an $R$-module, then $\mathcal A$ has no nonzero locally algebraic $R$-derivations. We also show a formula for the determinant of a differential vandemonde matrix over a commutative algebra $\mathcal A$. This formula not only provides some information for the elements in the radical of the kernel of all ordinary differential operators of $\mathcal A$, but also is interesting on its own right.

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