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arXiv 1607.05904cond-mat.mes-hall
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具有自旋轨道耦合和周期势的石墨烯中的电子动力学

Electron dynamics in graphene with spin-orbit couplings and periodic potentials

Ranjani Seshadri, Diptiman Sen

摘要:

我们使用连续介质和晶格模型来研究在自旋轨道耦合和单个势垒或周期性势垒阵列存在下,电子在石墨烯中运动的能量-动量色散和波包动力学。Kane-Mele和Rashba自旋轨道耦合被认为是。当Kane-Mele耦合和Rashba耦合的大小相等时,会发生一些特殊的事情。在没有势的情况下,色散由无质量狄拉克态和有质量狄拉克态组成。一个周期性的潜力是已知的,以产生额外的狄拉克点,我们表明,自旋轨道耦合一般开放的差距,在所有这些点,但如果两个自旋轨道耦合是平等的,一些狄拉克点保持无隙。结果表明,无质量态和有质量态对势垒的响应是不同的;无质量态在垂直入射时完全穿过势垒,而有质量态则从势垒反射;在单个势垒存在的情况下,存在沿势垒局域化的态.最后,我们研究了周期势场中波包的时间演化。我们发现了动量空间中的特殊点,在那里几乎没有波包的传播;当自旋轨道耦合不存在时,石墨烯中有六个这样的点。

英文摘要:

We use both continuum and lattice models to study the energy-momentum dispersion and the dynamics of a wave packet for an electron moving in graphene in the presence of spin-orbit couplings and either a single potential barrier or a periodic array of potential barriers. Both Kane-Mele and Rashba spin-orbit couplings are considered. A number of special things occur when the Kane-Mele and Rashba couplings are equal in magnitude. In the absence of a potential, the dispersion then consists of both massless Dirac and massive Dirac states. A periodic potential is known to generate additional Dirac points; we show that spin-orbit couplings generally open gaps at all those points, but if the two spin-orbit couplings are equal, some of the Dirac points remain gapless. We show that the massless and massive states respond differently to a potential barrier; the massless states transmit perfectly through the barrier at normal incidence while the massive states reflect from it. In the presence of a single potential barrier, we show that there are states localized along the barrier. Finally, we study the time evolution of a wave packet in the presence of a periodic potential. We discover special points in momentum space where there is almost no spreading of a wave packet; there are six such points in graphene when the spin-orbit couplings are absent.

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