We consider tracial stability, which requires that tuples of elements of a C*-algebra with a trace that nearly satisfy the relation are close to tuples that actually satisfy the relation. Here both "near" and "close" are in terms of the associated 2-norm from the trace, e.g., the Hilbert-Schmidt norm for matrices. Precise definitions are stated in terms of liftings from tracial ultraproducts of C*-algebras. We completely characterize matricial tracial stability for nuclear C*-algebras in terms of certain approximation properties for traces. For non-nuclear $C^{\ast}$-algebras we find new obstructions for stability by relating it to Voiculescu's free entropy dimension. We show that the class of C*-algebras that are stable with respect to tracial norms on real-rank-zero C*-algebras is closed under tensoring with commutative C*-algebras. We show that $C(X)$ is tracially stable with respect to tracial norms on all $C^{\ast}$-algebras if and only if $X$ is approximately path-connected.
In this paper, we introduce a class of non-unital tracial approximation ${\rm C^*}$-algebras. Consider the class of ${\rm C^*}$-algebras which are tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing (in the sense of Amint, Golestani, Jamali, Phillips's simple tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing or Castillejos, Li, Szabvo's tracial $\mathcal{Z}$-stability). Then $A$ is tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing for any simple ${\rm C^*}$-algebra $A$ in the corresponding class of non-unital tracial approximation ${\rm C^*}$-algebras.
We revisit the notion of tracial approximation for unital simple C*-algebras. We show that a unital simple separable C*-algebra A is asymptotically tracially in the class of C*-algebras with finite nuclear dimension if and only if A is asymptotically tracially in the class of simple nuclear Z-stable C*-algebras.
We show that a simple separable unital nuclear nonelementary $C^*$-algebra whose tracial state space has a compact extreme boundary with finite covering dimension admits uniformly tracially large order zero maps from matrix algebras into its central sequence algebra. As a consequence, strict comparison implies $\Z$-stability for these algebras.
In this paper, we introduce some classes of generalized tracial approximation ${\rm C^*}$-algebras. Consider the class of unital ${\rm C^*}$-algebras which are tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing (or have tracial nuclear dimension at most $n$, or have the property $\rm SP$, or are $m$-almost divisible). Then $A$ is tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing (respectively, has tracial nuclear dimension at most $n$, has the property $\rm SP$, is weakly ($n, m$)-almost divisible) for any simple unital ${\rm C^*}$-algebra $A$ in the corresponding class of generalized tracial approximation ${\rm C^*}$-algebra…
In this paper, we introduce a class of generalized tracial approximation ${\rm C^*}$-algebras. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a class of unital ${\rm C^*}$-algebras which have tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing (tracial nuclear dimension at most $n$, $\rm SP$ property, $m$-almost divisible, weakly $(m, n)$-divisible). Then $A$ has tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing (tracial nuclear dimension at most $n$, $\rm SP$ property, weakly $m$-almost divisible, secondly weakly $(m, n)$-divisible) for any simple unital ${\rm C^*}$-algebra $A$ in the class of this generalized tracial approximation ${\rm C^*}$-algebra…
We study the existence of faithful tracial states on C*-algebras as well as the stronger proerty that all quotients admit faithful tracial states. We provide a sufficient and necessary condition for when C*-algebras admit faithful tracial states in terms of the Cuntz semigroup and use this to give an equivalent formulation for all quotients to admit faithful tracial states. We relate this to the notion of strong quasidiagonality, and show that any amenable discrete group with faithful tracial states on all quotients of the corresponding group-C*-algebra is strongly quasidiagonal under the cond…
Inspired by Kerr's work on topological dynamics, we define tracial $\mathcal{Z}$-stability for sub-$C^*$-algebras. We prove that for a countable discrete amenable group $G$ acting freely and minimally on a compact metrizable space $X$, tracial $\mathcal{Z}$-stability for the sub-$C^*$-algebra $(C(X)\subseteq C(X)\rtimes G)$ implies that the action has dynamical comparison. Consequently, tracial $\mathcal{Z}$-stability is equivalent to almost finiteness of the action, provided that the action has the small boundary property.
We define "tracial" analogs of the Rokhlin property for actions of finite groups, approximate representability of actions of finite abelian groups, and of approximate innerness. We prove four analogs of related "nontracial" results. First, the crossed product of an infinite dimensional simple separable unital C*-algebra with tracial rank zero by an action of a finite group with the tracial Rokhlin property again has tracial rank zero. Second, an outer action of a finite abelian group on an infinite dimensional simple separable unital C*-algebra has the tracial Rokhlin property if and only if i…
We define a notion of tracial $\mathcal{Z}$-absorption for simple not necessarily unital C*-algebras, study it systematically, and prove its permanence properties. This extends the notion defined by Hirshberg and Orovitz for unital C*-algebras. The Razak-Jacelon algebra, simple C*-algebras with tracial rank zero, and simple purely infinite C*-algebras are tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing. We obtain the first purely infinite examples of tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing C*-algebras which are not $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing. We use techniques from reduced free products of von~Neumann algebras to co…
We prove a Kunneth formula computing the Connes-Shlyakhtenko L^2-Betti numbers of the algebraic tensor product of two tracial *-algebras in terms of the L^2-Betti numbers of the two original algebras. As an application, we construct examples of non-finite, non-cocommutative, compact quantum groups with a non-vanishing first L^2-Betti number.
We define a tracial analogue of the sequentially split $*$-homomorphism between $C^*$-algebras of Barlak and Szabó and show that several important approximation properties related to the classification theory of $C^*$-algebras pass from the target algebra to the domain algebra. Then we show that the tracial Rokhlin property of the finite group $G$ action on a $C^*$-algebra $A$ gives rise to a tracial version of sequentially split $*$-homomorphism from $A\rtimes_αG$ to $M_{|G|}(A)$ and the tracial Rokhlin property of an inclusion $C^*$-algebras $A\subset P$ with a conditional expectation $E:A \…
We discuss when a unital homomorphism ϕ : C(X) \rightarrow A can be approximated by finite-dimensional homomorphisms, where X is a compact metric space and A is unital simple C*-algebra with tracial rank one. In this paper, we will give a necessary and sufficient condition.
We study a tracial notion of Z-absorption for simple, unital C*-algebras. We show that if A is a C*-algebra for which this property holds then A has almost unperforated Cuntz semigroup, and if in addition A is nuclear and separable we show this property is equivalent to having A being Z-absorbing. We furthermore show that this property is preserved under forming certain crossed products by actions satisfying a tracial Rokhlin type property.
We give a classification theorem for unital separable simple nuclear $C^*$-algebras with tracial topological rank zero which satisfy the Universal Coefficient Theorem. We prove that if $A$ and $B$ are two such $C^*$-algebras and $$ (K_0(A), K_0(A)_+, [1_A], K_1(A)) $$ $$ \cong (K_0(B), K_0(B)_+, [1_B], K_1(B)), $$ then $A\cong B.$
We define the tracial Rokhlin property for actions of finite cyclic groups on stably finite simple unital C*-algebras. We prove that when the algebra is in addition simple and has tracial rank zero, then the crossed product again has tracial rank zero. Under a kind of weak approximate innerness assumption and one other technical condition, we prove that if the action has the the tracial Rokhlin property and the crossed product has tracial rank zero, then the original algebra has tracial rank zero. We give examples showing how the tracial Rokhlin property differs from the Rokhlin property of Iz…
We define a "tracial" analog of the Rokhlin property for actions of second countable compact groups on infinite dimensional simple separable unital C*-algebras. We prove that fixed point algebras under such actions (and, in the appropriate cases, crossed products by such actions) preserve simplicity, Property (SP), tracial rank zero, tracial rank at most one, the Popa property, tracial Jiang-Su stability, Jiang-Su stability when the algebra is nuclear, infiniteness, and pure infiniteness. We also show that the radius of comparison of the fixed point algebra is no larger than that of the origin…
Using various finite dimensional approximation properties, four convex subsets of the tracial space of a unital C*-algebra are defined. Applications of these tracial invariants include: (1) An analogue of Szego's limit theorem for arbitrary self adjoint operators. (2) A McDuff factor embeds into the ultrapower of the hyperfinite II_1 factor if and only if it contains a weakly dense operator system which is injective. (3) There exists a simple, quasidiagonal, real rank zero C*-algebra with non-hyperfinite II_1 factor representations and which is not tracially AF. This answers negatively questio…
A class of $C^*$-algebras, to be called those of generalized tracial rank one, is introduced, and classified by the Elliott invariant. A second class of unital simple separable amenable $C^*$-algebras, those whose tensor products with UHF-algebras of infinite type are in the first class, to be referred to as those of rational generalized tracial rank one, is proved to exhaust all possible values of the Elliott invariant for unital finite simple separable amenable ${\cal Z}$-stable $C^*$-algebras. An isomorphism theorem for a special sub-class of those $C^*$-algebras are presented. This provide…
Several techniques together with some partial answers are given to the questions of factoriality, type classification and fullness for amalgamated free product von Neumann algebras.
A classification theorem is obtained for a class of unital simple separable amenable Z-stable C*-algebras which exhausts all possible values of the Elliott invariant for unital stably finite simple separable amenable Z-stable C*-algebras. Moreover, it contains all unital simple separable amenable C*-algebras which satisfy the UCT and have finite rational tracial rank
We prove that every positive trace on a countably generated *-algebra can be approximated by positive traces on algebras of generic matrices. This implies that every countably generated tracial *-algebra can be embedded into a metric ultraproduct of generic matrix algebras. As a particular consequence, every finite von Neumann algebra with separable pre-dual can be embedded into an ultraproduct of tracial *-algebras, which as *-algebras embed into a matrix-ring over a commutative algebra.
We introduce the tracial Rokhlin property for automorphisms of stably finite simple unital C*-algebras containing enough projections. This property is formally weaker than the various Rokhlin properties considered by Herman and Ocneanu, Kishimoto, and Izumi. Our main results are as follows. Consider a stably finite simple unital C*-algebra, and an automorphism of it which has the tracial Rokhlin property. Suppose the algebra has real rank zero and stable rank one, and suppose that the order on projections over the algebra is determined by traces. Then the crossed product by the automorphism al…
We observe that a recent theorem of Sato, Toms-White-Winter and Kirchberg-Rordam also holds for certain nonunital C*-algebras. Namely, we show that an algebraically simple, separable, nuclear, nonelementary C*-algebra with strict comparison, whose cone of densely finite traces has as a base a Choquet simplex with compact, finite dimensional extreme boundary, and which admits a continuous rank function, tensorially absorbs the Jiang-Su algebra Z.
We give examples of actions of Z/2Z on AF algebras and AT algebras which demonstrate the differences between the (strict) Rokhlin property and the tracial Rokhlin property, and between (strict) approximate representability and tracial approximate representability. Specific results include the following. We determine exactly when a product type action of Z/2Z on a UHF algebra has the tracial Rokhlin property; in particular, unlike for the strict Rokhlin property, every UHF algebra admits such an action. We prove that Blackadar's action of Z/2Z on the 2^{\infty} UHF algebra, whose crossed produc…
We show that if $A$ is a simple (not necessarily unital) tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing C*-algebra and $α\colon G \to \mathrm{Aut} (A)$ is an action of a finite group $G$ on $A$ with the weak tracial Rokhlin property, then the crossed product $C^*(G, A,α)$ and the fixed point algebra $A^α$ are simple and tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing, and they are $\mathcal{Z}$-stable if, in addition, $A$ is separable and nuclear. The same conclusion holds for all intermediate C*-algebras of the inclusions $A^α\subseteq A$ and $A \subseteq C^*(G, A,α)$. We prove that if $A$ is a simple tracially $\mathc…
Tracial Rokhlin property was introduced by Chris Phillips to study the structure of crossed product of actions on simple C*-algebras. It was originally defined for actions of finite groups and group of integers. Matui and Sato generalized it to actions of amenable groups. In this paper, we give a further generalization of Matui and Sato's definition. We shall show that many known results about tracial Rokhlin property could be generalized to actions of amenable groups under this definition. We also show that some natural examples has the (weak) tracial Rokhlin property.
We adapt a continuous logic axiomatization of tracial von Neumann algebras due to Farah, Hart and Sherman in order to prove a metatheorem for this class of structures in the style of proof mining, a research program that aims to obtain the hidden computational content of ordinary mathematical proofs using tools from proof theory.
We study a class of stably projectionless simple C*-algebras which may be viewed as having generalized tracial rank one in analogy with the unital case. Some structural question concerning these simple C*-algebras are studied. The paper also serves as a technical support for the classification of separable stably projectionless simple amenable Jiang-Su stable C*-algebras.
In this paper we introduce an analog of the tracial Rokhlin property, called the {\emph {projection free tracial Rokhlin property}}, for $C^*$-algebras which may not have any nontrivial projections. Using this we show that if $A$ is an infinite dimensional stably finite simple unital $C^*$-algebra with stable rank one, with strict comparison of positive elements, with only finitely many extreme tracial states, and with the property that every 2-quasi-trace is a trace, and if $α$ is an action of a finite group $G$ with the projection free tracial Rokhlin property, then the crossed product $C^*(…
We give a classification theorem for unital separable nuclear simple \CA s with tracial rank no more than one. Let $A$ and $B$ be two unital separable simple nuclear \CA s with $TR(A), TR(B)\le 1$ which satisfy the universal coefficient theorem. We show that $A\cong B$ if and only if $$ (K_0(A), K_0(A)_+, [1_A], K_1(A), T(A)) \cong (K_0(B), K_0(B)_+, [1_B], K_1(B), T(B)). $$
It is shown that a unital C*-algebra A has the Dixmier property if and only if it is weakly central and satisfies certain tracial conditions. This generalises the Haagerup-Zsido theorem for simple C*-algebras. We also study a uniform version of the Dixmier property, as satisfied for example by von Neumann algebras and the reduced C*-algebras of Powers groups, but not by all C*-algebras with the Dixmier property, and we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a simple unital C*-algebra with unique tracial state to have this uniform property. We give further examples of C*-algebras with t…
We introduce the tracial quasi-Rokhlin property for an automorphism alpha of a unital C*-algebra A, which is not assumed to be simple. We show that under suitable hypotheses, the associated crossed product C*-algebra C*(Z,A,alpha) is simple, and there is a bijection between the space of tracial states on C*(Z,A,alpha)$ and the alpha-invariant tracial states on A. We show that, for a minimal dynamical system (X,h) and a simple, separable, unital C*-algebra A, the automorphism beta which extends the action of h on C(X) has the tracial quasi-Rokhlin property, and hence that C*(Z,C(X,A),beta) has …
We show that every separable simple tracially approximately divisible $C^*$-algebra has strict comparison, is either purely infinite, or has stable rank one. As a consequence, we show that every (non-unital) finite simple ${\cal Z}$-stable $C^*$-algebra has stable rank one.
Let A be a unital AF-algebra (simple or non-simple) and let αbe an automorphism of A. Suppose that αhas certain Rokhlin property and A is α-simple. Suppose also that there is an integer J\geq1 such that α^{J}_{*0}=id_{K_{0}(A)}, we show that A\rtimes_α\mathbb{Z} has tracial rank zero.
We construct two types of unital separable simple $C^*$-alebras $A_z^{C_1}$ and $A_z^{C_2},$ one is exact but not amenable, and the other is non-exact. Both have the same Elliott invariant as the Jiang-Su algebra, namely, $A_z^{C_i}$ has a unique tracial state, $$(K_0(A_z^{C_i}), K_0(A_z^{C_i})_+, [1_{A_z^{C_i}} ])=(\mathbb Z, \mathbb Z_+,1)$$ and $K_{1}(A_z^{C_i})=\{0\}$ ($i=1,2$). We show that $A_z^{C_i}$ ($i=1,2$) is essentially tracially in the class of separable ${\cal Z}$-stable $C^*$-alebras of nuclear dimension 1. $A_z^{C_i}$ has stable rank one, strict comparison for positive elements…
We show that the space of tracial quantum symmetric states of an arbitrary unital C*-algebra is a Choquet simplex and is a face of the tracial state space of the universal unital C*-algebra free product of A with itself infinitely many times. We also show that the extreme points of this simplex are dense, making it the Poulsen simplex when A is separable and nontrivial. In the course of the proof we characterize the centers of certain tracial amalgamated free product C*-algebras.
In this paper we analyze the Banach *-algebra of time-frequency shifts with absolutely summable coefficients. We prove a noncommutative version of the Wiener lemma. We also construct a faithful tracial state on this algebra which implies the algebra contains no compact operators. As a corollary we obtain a special case of the Heil-Ramanathan-Topiwala conjecture regarding linear independence of finitely many time-frequency shifts of one $L^2$ function.
Let $A$ be a stably finite simple unital $C^*$-algebra and suppose $α$ is an action of a finite group $G$ with the tracial Rokhlin property. Suppose further $A$ has real rank zero and the order on projections over $A$ is determined by traces. Then the crossed product $C^*$-algebra $C^*(G,A, α)$ also has real rank zero and order on projections over $A$ is determined by traces. Moreover, if $A$ also has stable rank one, then $C^*(G,A, α)$ also has stable rank one.
We establish the tracial stability of a certain class of graph products of C*-algebras. This result involves the development of the "pincushion class" of finite graphs. We then apply this result in two ways. The first application yields a selective version of Lin's Theorem for almost commuting operators. The second application addresses some approximation properties of right-angled Artin groups. In particular, we show that the full C*-algebra of any right-angled Artin group is quasidiagonal and thus has a non-trivial amenable trace, and then we apply tracial stability to show when these amenab…
We develop the concept of weak tracial Rokhlin property for finite group actions on simple (not necessarily unital) C*-algebras and study its properties systematically. In particular, we show that this property is stable under restriction to invariant hereditary C*-algebras, minimal tensor products, and direct limits of actions. Some of these results are new even in the unital case and answer open questions asked by N. C. Phillips in full generality. We present several examples of finite group actions with the weak tracial Rokhlin property on simple stably projectionless C*-algebras. We prove …
Let $A$ be a unital separable simple $C^*$-algebra with tracial rank zero and let $x, \, y\in A$ be two normal elements. We show that $x$ is in the closure of the convex full of the unitary obit of $y$ if and only if there exists a sequence of unital completely positive linear maps $ϕ_n$ from $A$ to $A$ such that the sequence $ϕ_n(y)$ convergent to $x$ in norm and also approximately preserves the trace values. A purely measure theoretical description for normal elements in the closure of convex hull of unitary orbit of $y$ is also given. In the case that $A$ has a unique tracial state some cla…
In the program to classify C$^*$-algebras, it is very important to find abstract conditions which are sufficient to imply that a given algebra has tracial rank zero, in the sense of Huaxin Lin. Even in the presence of a unique trace, we show that the union of the known necessary conditions is not enough.
