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arXiv 1606.09247astro-ph.GA
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起源于超大质量黑洞偏心盘的超高速星和S星的性质

The properties of hypervelocity stars and S-stars originating from an eccentric disc around a supermassive black hole

Ladislav Subr, Jaroslav Haas

摘要:

在星系晕中观测到的超高速恒星(HVS),被认为是通过位于银河系中心的超大质量黑洞(SMBH)附近的双星的潮汐破裂过程而加速到大速度。然而,目前还不清楚这些相对年轻的恒星是在哪里诞生的,以及是什么动力学过程将它们推向了围绕SMBH的近径向轨道。在本文中,我们调查的可能性,年轻的双星起源于一个薄的偏心盘,类似于现在在银河系中心观察到的。通过直接N体模拟,我们遵循的动力学演化的初始薄和偏心盘的恒星与100%的二进制分数围绕SMBH轨道。这样的配置导致Kozai-Lidov振荡的轨道要素,使相当数量的双星密切附近的黑洞。这些双星的后续潮汐破坏加速其组件之一的速度远远高于逃逸速度从SMBH,而第二个组件成为紧密绑定到SMBH。我们描述的逃逸和紧束缚的恒星在我们的模型中的主要运动学性质,并比较它们的定性观察到的HVS和S-星的属性,分别。最突出的特征是逃逸恒星方向的各向异性,这在银河系HVS中被观察到,但尚未得到解释。

英文摘要:

Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) that are observed in the Galactic halo, are believed to be accelerated to large velocities by a process of tidal disruption of binary stars passing close to a supermassive black hole (SMBH) which resides in the center of the Galaxy. It is, however, still unclear, where these relatively young stars were born and which dynamical process pushed them to nearly radial orbits around the SMBH. In this paper we investigate the possibility that the young binaries originated from a thin eccentric disc, similar to the one observed in the Galactic center nowadays. By means of direct N-body simulations, we follow the dynamical evolution of an initially thin and eccentric disc of stars with a 100% binary fraction orbiting around the SMBH. Such a configuration leads to Kozai-Lidov oscillations of orbital elements, bringing considerable amount of binaries to close vicinity of the black hole. Subsequent tidal disruption of these binaries accelerates one of their component to velocities well above the escape velocity from the SMBH while the second component becomes tightly bound to the SMBH. We describe the main kinematic properties of the escaping and tightly bound stars within our model and compare them qualitatively to the properties of the observed HVSs and S-stars, respectively. The most prominent feature is a strong anisotropy in the directions of the escaping stars which is observed for the Galactic HVSs but not explained yet.

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