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arXiv 0905.4514astro-ph.GA
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银河系中心中等质量黑洞对恒星轨道的扰动

Perturbations of Intermediate-mass Black Holes on Stellar Orbits in the Galactic Center

Alessia Gualandris, David Merritt

摘要:

研究了中等质量黑洞(IMBH)对银河系中心超大质量黑洞(SMBH)恒星轨道的短期和长期影响。一个正则化的N体代码,包括后牛顿条款进行直接积分的19颗恒星的S星团为10万年。IMBH的质量被指定为从400 Msun到4000 Msun的四个值之一,其相对于SMBH的初始半长轴在0.3-30 mpc之间变化,包括IMBH的内旋预计失速的半径。我们考虑两个值的偏心率的IMBH/SMBH二进制,e=(0,0.7),和12个值的取向的二进制的平面。如果IMBH的质量足够大,S星的轨道要素在短短几年内就可能发生1%的变化。在100万年或更长的时间尺度上,IMBH有效地随机化了S星的偏心率和轨道倾角。当IMBH位于恒星轨道之外时,可以观察到Kozai振荡。来自IMBH的扰动可以将恒星从星团中抛出,产生超高速恒星,也可以将恒星散射到SMBH中;在这两种情况下,初始偏心率高的恒星最有可能受到影响。如果IMBH/SMBH半长轴在3-10 mpc范围内,则质量大于1000 Msun的IMBH会显著改变S星轨道要素的分布。我们使用这些结果,以进一步限制在银河系中心的IMBH/SMBH二进制允许的参数。

英文摘要:

We study the short- and long-term effects of an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH) on the orbits of stars bound to the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of the Milky Way. A regularized N-body code including post-Newtonian terms is used to carry out direct integrations of 19 stars in the S-star cluster for 10 Myr. The mass of the IMBH is assigned one of four values from 400 Msun to 4000 Msun, and its initial semi-major axis with respect to the SMBH is varied from 0.3-30 mpc, bracketing the radii at which inspiral of the IMBH is expected to stall. We consider two values for the eccentricity of the IMBH/SMBH binary, e=(0,0.7), and 12 values for the orientation of the binary's plane. Changes at the level of 1% in the orbital elements of the S-stars could occur in just a few years if the IMBH is sufficiently massive. On time scales of 1 Myr or longer, the IMBH efficiently randomizes the eccentricities and orbital inclinations of the S-stars. Kozai oscillations are observed when the IMBH lies well outside the orbits of the stars. Perturbations from the IMBH can eject stars from the cluster, producing hypervelocity stars, and can also scatter stars into the SMBH; stars with high initial eccentricities are most likely to be affected in both cases. The distribution of S-star orbital elements is significantly altered from its currently-observed form by IMBHs with masses greater than 1000 Msun if the IMBH/SMBH semi-major axis lies in the range 3-10 mpc. We use these results to further constrain the allowed parameters of an IMBH/SMBH binary at the Galactic center.

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