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arXiv 2002.02975astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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星系核中中等质量黑洞俘获的引力波

Gravitational-wave captures by intermediate-mass black holes in galactic nuclei

Giacomo Fragione, Abraham Loeb, Kyle Kremer, Frederic A. Rasio

备注：
10 pages, 5 figures, accepted by ApJ
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摘要：

中等质量黑洞（IMBH）还没有被探测到超出任何合理的怀疑，尽管它们作为类星体的巨大种子和潮汐破裂事件的来源，超亮X射线源，矮星系反馈和超高速恒星的潜在作用。引力波（GW）观测可以帮助发现和确认IMBH的存在。目前和即将到来的探测器，如LIGO，Virgo，KAGRA，LISA，ET和DECIGO，承诺识别从恒星质量到超大质量黑洞（SMBH）的全部范围。在本文中，我们解决的问题，是否IMBHs可以在星系核产生GW。我们认为，恒星黑洞（SBHs）的形式绑定系统，后来通过在致密的核引力捕获合并与IMBH的可能性。我们表明，这种机制是有效的IMBH质量范围内$\sim 3\times 10^3$ M $_\odot$- $2\times 10^4$ M $_\odot$。我们发现，峰值频率和合并时标的典型分布主要取决于IMBH质量。具体地，对于$M_{\rm IMBH}=5\times 10^3$ M $_\odot$、$8\times 10^3$ M $_\odot$、$1\times 10^4$ M $_\odot$和$2\times 10^4$ M $_\odot$，典型的峰值频率分别为约$0.2\,$ Hz、$0.1\,$ Hz、$0.09\,$ Hz和$0.05\,$ Hz。我们的研究结果表明，在设计灵敏度，DECIGO和ET应该能够检测到这些IMBH-SBH合并。此外，大多数的合并将出现偏心（$e \gtrsim 0.1$），提供了一个指示其动力学起源。

英文摘要：

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) have not been detected beyond any reasonable doubt, despite their potential role as massive seeds for quasars and sources of tidal disruption events, ultra-luminous X-ray sources, dwarf galaxy feedback, and hypervelocity stars. Gravitational wave (GW) observations can help to find and confirm the existence of IMBHs. Current and upcoming detectors, such as LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, LISA, ET, and DECIGO promise to identify the full range from stellar-mass to supermassive black holes (SMBHs). In this paper, we address the question of whether IMBHs can produce GWs in galactic nuclei. We consider the possibility that stellar black holes (SBHs) form bound systems and later coalesce with an IMBH through gravitational captures in the dense nucleus. We show that this mechanism is efficient for IMBH masses in the range $\sim 3\times 10^3$ M$_\odot$--$2\times 10^4$ M$_\odot$. We find that the typical distributions of peak frequencies and merger timescales depend mainly on the IMBH mass. In particular, the typical peak frequency is about $0.2\,$Hz, $0.1\,$Hz, $0.09\,$Hz, and $0.05\,$Hz for $M_{\rm IMBH}=5\times 10^3$ M$_\odot$, $8\times 10^3$ M$_\odot$, $1\times 10^4$ M$_\odot$, and $2\times 10^4$ M$_\odot$, respectively. Our results show that, at design sensitivity, both DECIGO and ET should be able to detect these IMBH--SBH mergers. Furthermore, most of the mergers will appear eccentric ($e \gtrsim 0.1$), providing an indication of their dynamical origin.

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