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arXiv 1606.02583cs.ROcs.AIcs.CY
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伦理机器人的黑暗面

The Dark Side of Ethical Robots

Bristol Robotics Laboratory(布里斯托尔机器人实验室)

Dieter Vanderelst, Alan Winfield

摘要:

对与人工智能进步相关的风险的担忧促使人们呼吁为强大而有益的人工智能做出更大努力,包括机器伦理。最近,机器人学家开始开发所谓的道德机器人。理想情况下,这些机器人会评估自己行为的后果,并在道德上证明自己的选择是正确的。这一新兴领域有望在未来几年内得到广泛发展。然而,在本文中,我们指出了伦理机器人这一新兴领域的固有局限性。我们表明,建立道德的机器人也必然促进不道德的机器人的建设。在三个实验中,我们证明了修改一个道德机器人是非常容易的,这样它的行为就具有竞争力,甚至是攻击性。原因在于,制造道德机器人所需的特定人工智能总是可以被用来制造不道德的机器人。因此,道德机器人的发展并不能保证人工智能的负责任部署。在倡导道德机器人的同时,我们得出结论,防止机器人的滥用超出了工程学的范围,而是需要以立法为基础的治理框架。如果没有这一点,道德机器人的发展将增加机器人不当行为的风险,而不是减少它。

英文摘要:

Concerns over the risks associated with advances in Artificial Intelligence have prompted calls for greater efforts toward robust and beneficial AI, including machine ethics. Recently, roboticists have responded by initiating the development of so-called ethical robots. These robots would, ideally, evaluate the consequences of their actions and morally justify their choices. This emerging field promises to develop extensively over the next years. However, in this paper, we point out an inherent limitation of the emerging field of ethical robots. We show that building ethical robots also necessarily facilitates the construction of unethical robots. In three experiments, we show that it is remarkably easy to modify an ethical robot so that it behaves competitively, or even aggressively. The reason for this is that the specific AI, required to make an ethical robot, can always be exploited to make unethical robots. Hence, the development of ethical robots will not guarantee the responsible deployment of AI. While advocating for ethical robots, we conclude that preventing the misuse of robots is beyond the scope of engineering, and requires instead governance frameworks underpinned by legislation. Without this, the development of ethical robots will serve to increase the risks of robotic malpractice instead of diminishing it.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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