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arXiv 1605.07321math.COmath.ATmath.MG
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超越Borsuk-Ulam定理:拓扑Tverberg故事

Beyond the Borsuk-Ulam theorem: The topological Tverberg story

Pavle V. M. Blagojević, Günter M. Ziegler

摘要:

Bárány在1976年的“拓扑Tverberg猜想”中指出,任何$N$ -单纯形$Δ_N$到$\mathbb{R}^d$的连续映射,对于$N\ge(d+1)(r-1)$,将$Δ_N$中$r$不相交面的点映射到$\mathbb{R}^d$中的同一点。当$r$是素数时,这个结果的证明,以及相同结果的一些有色版本,使用Borsuk-Ulam和Dold关于具有自由群作用的空间之间的等变映射的不存在性的结果,是Matoušek 2003年的书“Using the Borsuk-Ulam theorem”的主要主题。“在本文中,我们展示了先进的等变拓扑方法如何允许一个超越拓扑Tverberg猜想的主要情况。首先,我们详细解释了如何等变上同调工具(采用Borel结构,比较的Serre谱序列,Fadell-Husseini指数等)。当$r$是素数幂时,可以利用它证明拓扑Tverberg猜想.我们的介绍包括一些改进的证明,以及新的结果,如一个完整的确定的Fadell-Husseini指数的棋盘复杂的主要情况。然后,我们介绍了“约束方法”,适用于适当的“不可避免的复合物”产生了各种各样的变化和推论的拓扑Tverberg定理,如“有色”和“尺寸限制”(范Kampen-弗洛雷斯型)版本。这两个部分都为最近在高维度中出现的壮观反例提供了关键的组成部分,这些反例是针对$r$不是素数幂的情况。

英文摘要:

Bárány's "topological Tverberg conjecture" from 1976 states that any continuous map of an $N$-simplex $Δ_N$ to $\mathbb{R}^d$, for $N\ge(d+1)(r-1)$, maps points from $r$ disjoint faces in $Δ_N$ to the same point in $\mathbb{R}^d$. The proof of this result for the case when $r$ is a prime, as well as some colored version of the same result, using the results of Borsuk-Ulam and Dold on the non-existence of equivariant maps between spaces with a free group action, were main topics of Matoušek's 2003 book "Using the Borsuk-Ulam theorem." In this paper we show how advanced equivariant topology methods allow one to go beyond the prime case of the topological Tverberg conjecture. First we explain in detail how equivariant cohomology tools (employing the Borel construction, comparison of Serre spectral sequences, Fadell-Husseini index, etc.) can be used to prove the topological Tverberg conjecture whenever $r$ is a prime power. Our presentation includes a number of improved proofs as well as new results, such as a complete determination of the Fadell-Husseini index of chessboard complexes in the prime case. Then we introduce the "constraint method," which applied to suitable "unavoidable complexes" yields a great variety of variations and corollaries to the topological Tverberg theorem, such as the "colored" and the "dimension-restricted" (Van Kampen-Flores type) versions. Both parts have provided crucial components to the recent spectacular counter-examples in high dimensions for the case when $r$ is not a prime power.

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