Bárány在1976年的“拓扑Tverberg猜想”中指出,任何$N$ -单纯形$Δ_N$到$\mathbb{R}^d$的连续映射,对于$N\ge(d+1)(r-1)$,将$Δ_N$中$r$不相交面的点映射到$\mathbb{R}^d$中的同一点。当$r$是素数时,这个结果的证明,以及相同结果的一些有色版本,使用Borsuk-Ulam和Dold关于具有自由群作用的空间之间的等变映射的不存在性的结果,是Matoušek 2003年的书“Using the Borsuk-Ulam theorem”的主要主题。“在本文中,我们展示了先进的等变拓扑方法如何允许一个超越拓扑Tverberg猜想的主要情况。首先,我们详细解释了如何等变上同调工具(采用Borel结构,比较的Serre谱序列,Fadell-Husseini指数等)。当$r$是素数幂时,可以利用它证明拓扑Tverberg猜想.我们的介绍包括一些改进的证明,以及新的结果,如一个完整的确定的Fadell-Husseini指数的棋盘复杂的主要情况。然后,我们介绍了“约束方法”,适用于适当的“不可避免的复合物”产生了各种各样的变化和推论的拓扑Tverberg定理,如“有色”和“尺寸限制”(范Kampen-弗洛雷斯型)版本。这两个部分都为最近在高维度中出现的壮观反例提供了关键的组成部分,这些反例是针对$r$不是素数幂的情况。
英文摘要:
Bárány's "topological Tverberg conjecture" from 1976 states that any continuous map of an $N$-simplex $Δ_N$ to $\mathbb{R}^d$, for $N\ge(d+1)(r-1)$, maps points from $r$ disjoint faces in $Δ_N$ to the same point in $\mathbb{R}^d$. The proof of this result for the case when $r$ is a prime, as well as some colored version of the same result, using the results of Borsuk-Ulam and Dold on the non-existence of equivariant maps between spaces with a free group action, were main topics of Matoušek's 2003 book "Using the Borsuk-Ulam theorem."
In this paper we show how advanced equivariant topology methods allow one to go beyond the prime case of the topological Tverberg conjecture.
First we explain in detail how equivariant cohomology tools (employing the Borel construction, comparison of Serre spectral sequences, Fadell-Husseini index, etc.) can be used to prove the topological Tverberg conjecture whenever $r$ is a prime power. Our presentation includes a number of improved proofs as well as new results, such as a complete determination of the Fadell-Husseini index of chessboard complexes in the prime case.
Then we introduce the "constraint method," which applied to suitable "unavoidable complexes" yields a great variety of variations and corollaries to the topological Tverberg theorem, such as the "colored" and the "dimension-restricted" (Van Kampen-Flores type) versions.
Both parts have provided crucial components to the recent spectacular counter-examples in high dimensions for the case when $r$ is not a prime power.
A Chain-Level Borsuk--Ulam Obstruction Proof of Norine's Antipodal-Coloring Conjecture
Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University(复旦大学上海数学中心);School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University(复旦大学数学科学学院);Extremal Combinatorics and Probability Group (ECOPRO), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)(基础科学研究院极值组合与概率研究组)
On the number of Tverberg partitions in the prime power case
我们给出了一个推广的下界的Vucic和Zivaljevic的Tverberg划分的数量从素数到素数幂的情况。我们的证明受到Matousek的书《Using the Borsuk-Ulam Theorem》中证明的Z_p-index版本的启发,并使用了Volovikov引理。类似地,人们获得了一个扩展的下界的数量不同分裂的一般项链的素数功率的情况下。
塔克引理(Tucker's Lemma)是Borsuk-Ulam定理的一个组合类比,在n=2的情况下由塔克于1945年提出。从那时起,出现了许多引理的推广和应用。2006年,Meunier在他的博士论文中证明了引理的普遍性。论文Borsuk-Ulam定理的推广和扩展还没有组合类似物。本文给出了Freeman J. Dyson的一个结果的组合类比,并证明了我们的结果与Dyson定理是等价的。与塔克引理一样,我们希望这将导致推广和应用,并最终导致杨定理的组合模拟,其中Borsuk-Ulam和Dyson都是特例。
Combinatorial degree version of a generalized $\mathbb{Z}_p$-Tucker's lemma with a combinatorial proof
Institute for Advancing Intelligence (IAI), TCG CREST (affiliated with the Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), India)(印度智能推进研究所(IAI),TCG CREST(隶属于印度科学与创新研究学院));Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Durgapur(杜尔加布尔国家技术学院数学系)