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arXiv 1605.03211cond-mat.quant-gasphysics.atom-ph
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长寿命自旋轨道耦合简并偶极费米气体

A long-lived spin-orbit-coupled degenerate dipolar Fermi gas

Nathaniel Q. Burdick, Yijun Tang, Benjamin L. Lev

摘要:

我们描述了使用磁性最强的费米子元素镝来创造长寿命的量子简并原子自旋轨道耦合气体。自旋轨道耦合产生于一个合成的规范场,该规范场是由一个原子自旋的光耦合分量组成的简并缀饰态的绝热跟随所产生的。由于镝的大电子轨道角动量和大磁矩,气体的寿命不像碱金属原子气体那样受到来自光-物质耦合的自发发射的限制,而是受到自旋的偶极弛豫的限制。由于费米统计,这种弛豫在大磁场下被抑制。我们观察到的寿命高达400毫秒,这超过了自旋轨道耦合的费米子碱金属原子的10-100倍,并接近从理论模型中获得的值。弹性偶极相互作用也被观察到影响拉比演化的自旋,揭示了相互作用的费米子系统。这种弱相互作用的自旋轨道耦合简并费米气体的长寿命将促进在更长的时间尺度上表现出的量子多体现象的研究,具有令人兴奋的意义探索奇异的拓扑量子液体。

英文摘要:

We describe the creation of a long-lived spin-orbit-coupled gas of quantum degenerate atoms using the most magnetic fermionic element, dysprosium. Spin-orbit-coupling arises from a synthetic gauge field created by the adiabatic following of degenerate dressed states comprised of optically coupled components of an atomic spin. Because of dysprosium's large electronic orbital angular momentum and large magnetic moment, the lifetime of the gas is limited not by spontaneous emission from the light-matter coupling, as for gases of alkali-metal atoms, but by dipolar relaxation of the spin. This relaxation is suppressed at large magnetic fields due to Fermi statistics. We observe lifetimes up to 400 ms, which exceeds that of spin-orbit-coupled fermionic alkali atoms by a factor of 10-100, and is close to the value obtained from a theoretical model. Elastic dipolar interactions are also observed to influence the Rabi evolution of the spin, revealing an interacting fermionic system. The long lifetime of this weakly interacting spin-orbit-coupled degenerate Fermi gas will facilitate the study of quantum many-body phenomena manifest at longer timescales, with exciting implications for the exploration of exotic topological quantum liquids.

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