New application of superconductors: high sensitivity cryogenic light detectors
L. Cardani, F. Bellini, N. Casali, M. G. Casellano, I. Colantoni, A. Coppolecchia, C. Cosmelli, A. Cruciani, A. D'Addabbo, S. Di Domizio, M. Martinez, C. Tomei, M. Vignati
In this paper we describe the current status of the CALDER project, which is developing ultra-sensitive light detectors based on superconductors for cryogenic applications. When we apply an AC current to a superconductor, the Cooper pairs oscillate and acquire kinetic inductance, that can be measured by inserting the superconductor in a LC circuit with high merit factor. Interactions in the superconductor can break the Cooper pairs, causing sizable variations in the kinetic inductance and, thus, in the response of the LC circuit. The continuous monitoring of the amplitude and frequency modulation allows to reconstruct the incident energy with excellent sensitivity. This concept is at the basis of Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs), that are characterized by natural aptitude to multiplexed read-out (several sensors can be tuned to different resonant frequencies and coupled to the same line), resolution of few eV, stable behavior over a wide temperature range, and ease in fabrication. We present the results obtained by the CALDER collaboration with 2x2 cm2 substrates sampled by 1 or 4 Aluminum KIDs. We show that the performances of the first prototypes are already competitive with those of other commonly used light detectors, and we discuss the strategies for a further improvement.
Development and validation of a cryogenic far-infrared diffraction grating spectrometer used to post-disperse the output from a Fourier transform spectrometer
Science of Cryogenic sub-Hz cROss torsion bar detector with quantum NOn-demolition Speed meter (CHRONOS)
National Central University（中央大学）；Center for High Energy and High Field (CHiP), National Central University（国立中央大学高能高场中心）；Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院物理研究所）；Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization (KEK)（高能加速器研究机构粒子核研究部）；National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines - Diliman（菲律宾大学迪利曼分校国家物理研究所）
Sensitivity enhancement techniques for cryogenic calorimeters in the NUCLEUS experiment
Technische Universität Wien（维也纳工业大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für Physik（马克斯·普朗克物理研究所）；Marietta-Blau-Institut für Teilchenphysik der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften（奥地利科学院玛丽埃塔·布劳粒子物理研究所）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata"（罗马大学托维尔加塔国家核物理研究所分部）；IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学CEA IRFU）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Roma（罗马国家核物理研究所分部）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma（罗马智慧大学物理系）；Physik-Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München（慕尼黑工业大学自然科学学院物理系）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata"（罗马托维尔加塔大学物理系）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara（费拉拉大学物理系）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Sezione di Ferrara（费拉拉国家核物理研究所分部）；LIBPhys-UC, Departamento de Fisica, Universidade de Coimbra（科英布拉大学LIBPhys-UC物理系）；Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik（马克斯·普朗克核物理研究所）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso（大萨索国家核物理实验室）；kiutra GmbH（kiutra有限公司）
High voltage and electrode system for a cryogenic experiment to search for the neutron electric dipole moment
Los Alamos National Laboratory（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室）；W. K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院 W.K. 凯洛格辐射实验室）；Oak Ridge National Laboratory（橡树岭国家实验室）；Department of Physics, Brown University（布朗大学物理系）
High-sensitivity Kinetic Inductance Detectors for CALDER
提供一种背景鉴别工具对于提高下一代寻找无中微子双β衰变实验的灵敏度至关重要。高灵敏度（< 20 eV RMS）低温光探测器的开发允许同时读出光和热信号，并通过粒子识别实现背景抑制。具有优异分辨率的低温广域光探测器（CALDER）的研发已经证明了使用声子介导的动力学电感探测器（KID）方法的这种技术的潜力。在2 $\times$ 2 cm 2硅衬底上具有4个铝KID的第一阵列原型显示出154 $\pm$ 7 eV RMS的基线分辨率。通过改进谐振器的设计和读出，下一个CALDER原型的能量分辨率为82 $\pm$ 4 eV，通过使用单个铝KID对同一衬底进行采样。
Cryogenic sub-Hz cROss torsion bar detector with quantum NOn-demolition Speed meter (CHRONOS) for gravitational wave detection
National Central University（国立中央大学）；Center for High Energy and High Field (CHiP), National Central University（国立中央大学高能高场中心）；Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院物理研究所）；Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization (KEK)（高能加速器研究机构粒子核研究部）；National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines - Diliman（菲律宾大学迪利曼分校国家物理研究所）
Noise budget of Cryogenic sub-Hz cROss torsion bar detector with quantum NOn-demolition Speed meter (CHRONOS)
National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines - Diliman（菲律宾大学迪利曼分校国立物理研究所）；Center for High Energy and High Field (CHiP), National Central University（中原大学高能高场中心）；Department of Physics,National Central University（中原大学物理系）；Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院物理研究所）；Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization (KEK)（高能加速器研究机构粒子与核研究部）
NTL-amplified cryogenic light detectors with optically transparent electrodes
INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca（意大利国家核物理研究所米兰比可卡分部）；Dipartimento di Fisica ”G.Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学G.奥恰利尼物理系）；INFN, Sezione di Pavia（意大利国家核物理研究所帕维亚分部）
Impact of the superconductors properties on the measurement sensitivity of resonant-based axion detectors
轴子，理论上解决强CP问题的假设粒子，目前被认为是冷暗物质组分的强候选者。基于共振的轴子探测器的信号功率，称为haloscopes，与它们的品质因数$Q$成正比。在本文中，使用超导体的性能的Haloscope的影响进行了研究，通过评估可获得的$Q$。特别地，从测量的涡旋运动复电阻率和这些材料的屏蔽长度开始，在感兴趣的频率、磁场和温度范围内计算NbTi、Nb $_3$ Sn、YBa $_2$ Cu $_3$ O $_{7-δ}$和FeSe $_{0.5}$ Te $_{0.5}$的表面电阻$R_s$。从$R_s$的品质因数$Q$的圆柱形晕镜与铜圆锥形基地和cylindrical侧壁，与TM $_{010}$模式下工作，进行评估和使用不同的材料的性能进行比较。YBa $_2$ Cu $_3$ O $_{7-δ}$和FeSe $_{0.5}$ Te $_{0.5}$都显示出相对于整个Cu腔提高几乎一个数量级的测量灵敏度，而NbTi显示出仅适用于较低的频率（<10 GHz）。Nb $_3$ Sn可以在整个感兴趣的光谱中给出中间改进。
CRYSP: a Total-Body PET based on cryogenic cesium iodide crystals
Donostia International Physics Center（多诺斯蒂亚国际物理中心）；Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science)（伊克拉巴斯基（巴斯克科学基金会））；Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), Centro Mixto CSIC - Universitat Politècnica de València（分子成像仪器研究所（I3M），CSIC-瓦伦西亚理工大学联合中心）；Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)（巴斯克大学）；Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València（粒子物理研究所（IFIC），CSIC与瓦伦西亚大学）
3D-Structured Polyethylene Windows for Low-Loss Transmission in Wideband Cryogenic Terahertz Systems
Chalmers University of Technology（查尔姆斯理工大学）；Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CROMA（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学、萨瓦-蒙布朗大学、法国国家科学研究中心、格勒诺布尔理工学院、CROMA）
